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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many roots contribute to the formation of the plexus for the upper limb |
Five |
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What are the five roots that contribute to the plexus |
They are the fibers that remain in the anterior rami of C5-8 and T1 after these have given their segmental supply to the prevertebral and scalene muscles. |
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Do the roots unit or divide |
Unite
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Upon dividing what do the roots create |
Trunks |
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How many trunks do the 5 roots make |
3 |
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What are the five trunks |
1) Anterior 2) Medial 3) Posterior |
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Anterior trunk is made up of which roots |
The upper two ( C5 and C6) |
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The middle trunk is made up of which roots |
The C7 root |
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The psoterior trunk is made up of which roots |
The C8 and T1 roots |
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Where are the five roots located |
Behind the scalnus anterior muscle |
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Where do the five roots emerge |
From between he scalenus anterior muscle and the scalenus medius |
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Once the five roots emerge what do they form |
Trunks |
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Where are the trunks located |
They cross the lower part of the posterior tirangle of the neck. |
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What do the three trunks lead into |
Divisions |
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How many divisions do the trunks create |
Each trunk creates 2 divisions , 1 lateral and one anterior |
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Where are the divisions located |
Behind the clavicle |
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What do the the divisions supply |
anterior- flexor compartments Posterior- extensor compartments |
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Where do the divisions lead |
cords |
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What is the first cord |
The lateral cord |
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What forms the lateral cord |
The upper two anterior divisions |
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What is the second division |
The medial cord |
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What forms the second division |
the anterio division of the lower trunk runs on as the medial cord |
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What is the third cord formed |
The posterior cord |
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What forms the posterior cord |
The three posterior divisions |
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Where do these three cords enter |
The axilla above the first part of the artery , approach and embrace the second part, and give off their branches around tis third part. |
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Where are the roots trunks divisions and cords |
roots-between the scalene muscles trunks- in the psoterior triangle divisions- behind the clavicle cords- in the axilla |
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What fascia surrounds the axillary artery and nerve |
An extension of the prevertebral fascia in the neck |
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What creates a bracial plexus nerve block |
local anaesthetics injected into the axillary sheeth |
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Prefixed plexus |
Whhen there is a significant contribution to the brachial plexus from the anterior ramus of C4 and a reduction in the contribution from T1
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Postfixed plexus |
A substantial contribution from T2 and a diminished input from C5. |
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WHat variations may occur |
The formation of trunks divisions and cords |
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What variations may not occur |
The contributions from the spinal cord segments to the branches always remain constant |
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How many branches come from the roots: |
3 |
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How many branches come from the lateral cord |
3 |
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How many branches come from the medial cord |
5 |
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How many branches come from the posterior cord |
5 |
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How many branches come from divisions |
none |
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How many branches come from the trunk |
3 |
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What three branches come from the roots |
1) The dorsal scapular nerve 2) Nerve to subclavius 3) Long thoracic nerve |
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Where does the dorsal scapular nerve arrise from |
The posterior aspecto f C5 |
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Where does the dorsal scapular nerve run |
pierces scalenus medius and courses downwards in front of levator scapulae, lying on serratus posterior superior |
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What is the dorsal scapular nerve supplied by |
The rhomboids and usually gives a branch to the levator scapulae |
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Where does the nerve of the subclavius arise from |
Roots C5 and 6 where they join from the upper trunk. |
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WHere does the subclavius nerve run |
It passes down in front of the trunks and the subclavian vessels to enter the posterior surface of the subclavius. |
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Where does the nerve supply |
It frequently has a branch (accessory phrenic nerve) which connects with the phrenic nerve, providing an alternate pathway for some fibres from the fifth cervical anterior ramus to reachthe diaphragm. |
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Where does the long thoracic nerve arise from |
The posterior aspects of C5, 6 and 7. |
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Where does the long thoracic nerve run |
It branches of C5 and 6 enter scalenus medius, unite in the muscle, emerge from it as a single trunk and pass down into the axilla. On the surface of serratus anterior (the medial wall of the axilla) this is joined by the branch from C7 which has descended in front of scalenus medius. The nerve passes down posterior to the midaxillary line, deep to the fascia on serratus anterior. |
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What do the thoracic nerve supply |
The muscle segmentally |
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What nerve branches from the trunk |
THe suprascapular nerve |
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Where does the suprascapular nerve arrive from |
The upper trunk in the lower part of the posterior triangle and passes back-wards and laterally depp to the border of trapezius. |
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Where does the suprascapular nerve run |
It passes through the suprascapular foramen (beneath the transverse scapular ligament) and supplies supraspinatus, descends lateral to the scapular spine with the suprascapular vessels and supplies infraspinatus |
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Where does the suprascapular nerve supply |
shoulder and acromioclavicular joints. |
