Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the roots of the brachial plexus?
|
Ventral rami of C5-T1
|
|
What are the trunks of the brachial plexus?
|
upper (C5-6), middle (C7), and lower (C8-T1)
|
|
What are the direct branches off the superior trunk of the brachial plexus?
|
suprascapular nerve (C4-5), nerve to subclavius
|
|
What nerve branch comes off the anterior division of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?
|
lateral pectoral nerve
|
|
What does the anterior division of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus merge into?
|
the lateral cord
|
|
What does the posterior division of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus merge into?
|
the posterior cord
|
|
What do the divisions of the middle trunk of the brachial plexus merge into?
|
anterior division merges into the lateral cord, posterior division into the posterior cord
|
|
What trunk and division of the brachial plexus gives rise to the medial pectoral nerve?
|
anterior division of inferior trunk
|
|
What does the lateral cord become?
|
musculocutaneous nerve, also provides sensory axons to the median nerve
|
|
What does the posterior cord of the brachial plexus become?
|
axillary and radial nerves (upper subscapular, thoracodorsal, lower subscapular)
|
|
What nerve supplies the arm flexors?
|
musculocutaneous (C5-6)
|
|
What branches make up the median nerve?
|
C5-T1
|
|
What nerve supplies the flexor digitorum profundus of index and middle fingers, flexor pollicis longus and pronator quadratus?
|
anterior interosseous nerve
|
|
What nerve supplies forearm/wrist flexors and pronators as well as LOAF muscles in Hand (lumbricals of index and middle fingers, opponens pollicui, abductor pollicis longus and flexor pollicus brevis)?
|
Median nerve
|
|
What nerve supplies the deltoid and teres minor muscles?
|
axillary nerve (C5-6)
|
|
What nerve supplies all of the extensors of the forearm and hand?
|
radial nerve (C5-8)
|
|
What nerve supplies the extensors of the wrist, thumb, and fingers?
|
Posterior interosseus (C7-8)
|
|
What nerve supplies all intrinsic hand muscles except LOAF (lumbricals of index finger, opponenes pollicis, abductor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis brevis) muscles?
|
Ulnar nerve
|
|
What palsy is caused by upper plexus injury due to head/shoulder distraction?
|
Duchenne -Erb palsy
|
|
What palsy is caused by lower brachial plexus injury, usually traction on an abducted arm?
|
Klumpke's palsy
|
|
What % of patients with obstetrical brachial plexus injuries recover spontaneously?
|
90%
|
|
1st rib fractures may cause injuries to what portion of the brachial plexus?
|
lower trunk
|
|
Midhumeral fractures are often associated with injury to what nerve?
|
radial nerve
|
|
What vessels are often associated with plexus injury
|
axillary artery and vein
|
|
What syndrome is associated with a cervical rib?
|
thoracic outlet syndrome
|
|
What is the Gilliatt-Sumner hand?
|
wasting of the thenar and hypothenar muscle groups
|
|
what syndrome is associated with the Gilliatt-Sumner hand?
|
thoracic outlet syndrome
|
|
What nerve tumors often have well-defined margins allowing total resection?
|
Schwannomas
|
|
What tumors are frequently associated with Von Recklinghausen's syndrome (NF-1)?
|
neurofibromas
|
|
What is Parsonage-Turner syndrome?
|
idiopathic brachial neuritis
|
|
What are the symptoms of idiopathic brachial neuritis?
|
acute onset of intense shoulder pain followed by weakness in the shoulder musculature.
|
|
What is Pancoast's syndrome
|
brachial plexus neuropathy secondary to extrinsic compression from tumors
|
|
Where is the lesion usually found in Pancoast's syndrome?
|
C8-T1
|
|
How does radiation cause brachial plexus neuropathy?
|
fibrosis and edema of the brachial plexus
|
|
What is Horner's syndrome?
|
Eyelid ptosis, miosis and anhydrosis
|
|
Horner's syndrome suggests a lesion at which part of the brachial plexus?
|
Lower portion
|
|
What is a waiter's tip deformity?
|
shoulder internal rotation with elbow extension and wrist flexion
|
|
What is a claw hand?
|
extension at MCPs and flexion at interphalangeal joints
|
|
What is Adson's test?
|
Have patient hyperextend their neck and rotate their neck toward affected side while you gently tug downward on arms. A positive test is loss of radial pulse
|
|
What does a positive Adson's test indicate?
|
Vasculogenic thoracic outlet syndrome
|
|
What nerve is associated with a winged scapula?
|
long thoracic
|
|
Where do the sensory roots of the median nerve arise from?
|
C5-7
|
|
Where do the motor roots of the median nerve arise from?
|
C8-T1
|
|
Nerve root avulsion is more common in what portion of the brachial plexus?
|
lower plexus (nerve is bound down in connective tissue at C5-7
|
|
What is the rate of peripheral nerve regeneration?
|
1 mm per day (about an inch per month)
|
|
Which brachial plexus repairs have a better outcome - C5-6 or C8-T1?
|
C5-6
|
|
what two nerves come directly off of the roots?
|
long thoracic (C5,6,7); dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
|
|
what does the long thoracic nerve supply?
|
serratus anterior
|
|
what does the dorsal scapular nerve supply?
|
and levator scapulae muscles
|
|
what does the suprascapular nerve supply?
|
sensory fibers to the shoulder joint and provides motor innervation to the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles
|
|
where does the phrenic nerve lie in relation to the plexus?
|
anterior
|
|
where does the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)lie in relation to the plexus?
|
posterior
|
|
what does the phrenic nerve supply?
|
diaphram
|
|
what does the accessory nerve supply?
|
trapezius
|