Br Pharmacology: Sympathomimetics

Front 1

How does alpha-1 effect most vascular smooth muscle? Pupillary dilator muscle? Pilomotor smooth muscle?

Back 1

1) contracts increasing resistance
2) contracts causing mydriasis
3) contracts erecting hair

Front 2

How does alpha-2 effect adrenergic and cholinergic neurons? platelets? some vascular smooth muscle? Fat cells? pancreatic beta cells?

Back 2

1) inhibits transmitter release
2) stimulates aggregation
3) contracts
4) inhibits lipolysis
5) inhibits insulin release

Front 3

How does beta-1 effect heart? JG apparatus in kidney?

Back 3

1) increases rate and force
2) stimulates renin release

Front 4

How does beta-2 effect airways, uterine and vascular smooth muscle? Liver? pancreatic beta cells? somatic motor neuron terminals?

Back 4

1) relaxes (vasodilation and decreased uterine tone and bronchodilation)
2) stimulates glycogenolysis
3) stimulates insulin release
4) causes tremor

Front 5

What cells have beta-3? What results when stimulated?

Back 5

1) fat cells
2) lipolysis

Front 6

Where are D1 receptors found? What results when stimulated?

Back 6

1) renal and splanchnic blood vessels
2) dilates and decreases resistance
3) Gs

Front 7

Where are D2 receptors found? What results when stimulated?

Back 7

1) nerve terminals and area postrema
2) inhibits adenylyl cyclase
3) Gi

Front 8

What conditions can epinephrine used for?

Back 8

1) anaphylaxis
2) asthma
3) gaucoma

Front 9

What conditions can NE be used for?

Back 9

emergency treatment of neurogenic or severe hypotension

Front 10

What conditions is isoproterenol used for?

Back 10

1) asthma

Front 11

what conditions is dopamine used for?

Back 11

1) shock
2) heart failure

Front 12

What conditions is dobutamine used for?

Back 12

1) shock
2) heart failure

Front 13

What conditions are amphetamines and methyphenidate used for?

Back 13

1) narcolepsy
2) ADD
3) obesity

Front 14

What conditions is ephedrine used for?

Back 14

1) urinary incontinence
2) neurogenic bladder
3) chronic hypotension because drug is long acting

Front 15

What conditions is phenylephrine used for?

Back 15

1) to cause mydriasis
2) to cause vasoconstriction
3) decongestion

Front 16

What are oxymetazoline and xylometazoline used for?

Back 16

long acting nasal decongestion

Front 17

What is cocaine used for?

Back 17

local anesthesia with vasoconstriction
note: uptake inhibitor

Front 18

which receptors does epinephrine act on? Which drugs are indirect releasers of catecholamines?

Back 18

1) alpha 1, 2, and beta 1, 2
2) amphetamine, ephedrine, tyramine

Front 19

Which drugs are catecholamine reuptake inhibitors?

Back 19

1) cocaine
2) TCAs

Front 20

Which receptors is NE active at? Which drugs have more alpha1 than alpha2 activity?

Back 20

1) alpha 1, 2 and beta 1
2) midodrine and phenylephrine

Front 21

Which drugs have more alpha2 than alpha1? which drug has equal beta1 and beta2 activity?

Back 21

1) clonidine and oxymetazoline
2) isoproterenol

Front 22

Which drugs have more beta1 than beta2? Which drugs have more beta2 than beta1?

Back 22

1) dobutamine
2) albuterol, metaprolenol, terbutaline

Front 23

What type of receptor is alpha1? What is 2nd messenger? what is increased?

Back 23

1) Gq
2) IP3 and DAG
3) Ca2+

Front 24

What type of receptor is alpha2? What is 2nd messenger? Is it increased or decreased?

Back 24

1) Gi
2) decreased cAMP

Front 25

What type of receptors is beta1? What is 2nd messenger? is it increased or decreased?

Back 25

1) Gs
2) increased cAMP

Front 26

What type of receptor is beta2? What is second messenger? is it increased or decreased?

Back 26

1) Gs
2) increased cAMP

Front 27

What type of receptor is beta3?

Back 27

1) Gs
2) increased cAMP

Front 28

D1 is what type of receptor? What is 2nd messenger?

Back 28

1) Gs
2) increased cAMP

Front 29

What effects do amphetamines have in CNS? How do they begin and end?

Back 29

1) starts with alert and reduced fatigue
2) progresses to euphoria, anorexia and insomnia

Front 30

What can high doses of amphetamines cause?

Back 30

1) anxiety
2) aggressiveness
3) paranoia
4) convulsions

Front 31

how is accommodation effected by alpha agonists? How is IOP effected?

Back 31

1) not significantly effected
2) reduced aqueous humor so decreased IOP
Note: alpha2 agonists or mixed alpha agonists are effective

Front 32

How is the GI tract effected by alpha/beta agonists? What do alpha2 agonists do in GI?

Back 32

1) decreased motility
2) decrease Na+ and H2O secretion into lumen

Front 33

Where are alpha receptors found in the GU tract?

Back 33

1) trigone of bladder
2) sphincter area

Front 34

What receptor mediates prostatic smooth muscle contraction?

Back 34

alpha1

Front 35

What can beta2 agonists do in a pregnant women near term?

Back 35

relax uterus but at these doses also causes severe tachycardia

Front 36

What is the MOA of phenylephrine? What is its effect on vascular system and heart?

Back 36

1) binds alpha1
2) increase PVR and venous pressure
3) produce reflex bradycardia

Front 37

What drug is an alpha2 agonist? what is its effect on vascular system when given orally?

Back 37

1) clonidine
2) accumulates in CNS and reduces sympathetic outflow
3) decreases BP

Front 38

beta2 agonists have what effect on blood vessels? beta1 agonists?

Back 38

1) reduce arteriolar tone in skeletal muscle and peripheral vascular system
2) beta1 has little vessel effect

Front 39

What effect do D1 agonists have on blood vessels? What is useful to treat?

Back 39

1) vasodilation
2) renal failure associated with shock

Front 40

Both beta1 and beta2 are found in the heart. How do they effect the heart?

Back 40

1) increase pacemaker rate
2) increase AV node conduction
3) increase cardiac force

Front 41

what are net cardiovascular effects when NE is given?

Back 41

1) reflex increase in vagal outflow from increased BP and evoke the baroreceptor reflex
2) leads to increased BP and bradycardia

Front 42

What happens to the cardiovascular system if a ganglion blocker is given prior to giving NE?

Back 42

1) vagal reflex reduced
2) beta1 activation causes tachycardia

Front 43

How do alpha and beta receptors agonists vary in the way the effect the heart?

Back 43

1) alpha causes bradycardia via vagal reflex activation
2) beta causes tachycardia

Front 44

which adrenoreceptors have the greatest effect on vascular resistance?

Back 44

1) alpha
2) beta2

Front 45

Which receptor primarily mediates stroke volume? pulse pressure?

Back 45

1) beta1 agonist increase stroke volume
2) pulse pressure dependent on stroke volume so beta1

Front 46

which ion moves out of the liver with glucose? which ion moves into the skeletal muscle with glucose?

Back 46

K+

Front 47

What are legitimate indications of amphetamines?

Back 47

1) narcolepsy
2) ADD
Note: use appropriate controls such as weight reduction

Front 48

do alpha agonists cause cycloplegia? What are they used for in the eye?

Back 48

1) no
2) reduce conjunctival itching
3) congestion from allergen

Front 49

Which alpha2 agonists can be used for glaucoma?

Back 49

1) apraclonidine
2) brimonidine

Front 50

To increase cardiac contractility what should be given? What is given to decrease blood flow and/or increase pressure?

Back 50

1) beta1 agonist
2) alpha1 agonist

Front 51

What can chronic orthostatic hypotension be treated with?

Back 51

1) ephedrine
2) alpha1 agonist midodrine

Front 52

Which beta2 agonists are sometimes used to suppress premature labor?

Back 52

1) ritodrine
2) terbutaline

Front 53

which receptors are midodrine? phenylephrine?

Back 53

alpha1>alpha2

Front 54

which drugs have alpha2>alpha1?

Back 54

1) clonidine
2) oxymetazoline

Front 55

Which drug has beta1=beta2?

Back 55

isoproterenol

Front 56

which drug has beta1>beta2?

Back 56

dobutamine

Front 57

Phenylisopropylamines that are used legitimately and abused for narcolepsy, attention deficit disorder, and weight reduction

Back 57

Amphetamines

Front 58

Alpha agonist used to produce mydriasis and reduce conjunctival itching and congestion caused by irritation or allergy, it does not cause cycloplegia

Back 58

Phenylephrine

Front 59

Longer acting Beta 2 agonist is recommended for prophylaxis of asthma

Back 59

Salmeterol

Front 60

These agents increase cardiac output and may be beneficial in treatment of acute heart failure and some types of shock

Back 60

Beta1 agonists

Front 61

These agents decrease blood flow or increase blood pressure, are local decongestants, and used in therapy of spinal shock (temporary maintenance of blood pressure which may help maintain perfusion

Back 61

Alpha1 agonists

Front 62

Shock due to septicemia or myocardial infarction is made worse by

Back 62

Increasing afterload and tissue perfusion declines

Front 63

Epinephrine is often mixed with a local anesthetic to

Back 63

Reduce the loss from area of injection

Front 64

Beta 2 agonist used to suppress premature labor, but cardiac stimulatory effects may be hazardous to mother and fetus

Back 64

Terbutaline

Front 65

Mast cells to reduce release of hisamine and inflammatory mediators

Back 65

Epinephrine

Front 66

Agent used in shock because it dilates coronary arteries and increases renal blood flow

Back 66

Dopamine

Front 67

Agent which stimulates cardiac contractile force more than rate with little effect on total peripheral resistance

Back 67

Dobutamine

Front 68

Long acting sympathomimetic, sometimes used to improve urinary continence in children and elderly with enuresis

Back 68

Ephedrine

Front 69

Alpha 1 agonist toxicity

Back 69

Hypertension

Front 70

Beta 1 agonist toxicity

Back 70

Sinus tachycardia and serious arrhythmias

Front 71

Beta 2 agonist toxicity

Back 71

Skeletal muscle tremor, tachycardia

Front 72

The selective agents loose their selectivity at

Back 72

high doses