Br Pharmacology: Alcohols

Front 1

Describe alcohol dehydrogenase! Where is it located? How much alcohol does it metabolize?

Back 1

1) cystosolic NAD-dependent enzyme in liver and gut
2) metabolize low to moderate amounts of ethanol
3) zero-order at 7-10g/hour

Front 2

When blood alcohol levels exceed 100mg/dL how is it metabolized? What is the primary enzyme?

Back 2

1) MEOS
2) phase I
3) P450 2E1

Front 3

ADH and MEOS form what from ethanol? What enzyme metabolizes from here? Where is the enzyme found?

Back 3

1) acetalaldehyde
2) Aldehyde dehydrogenase
3) in the mitochondria of liver

Front 4

What drugs inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase?

Back 4

1) disulfuram
2) metronidazole
3) oral hypoglycemics
4) cephalosporins

Front 5

What drug inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase?

Back 5

fomepizole

Front 6

What are the effects of ethanol on the CNS?

Back 6

1) sedation
2) slurred speech
3) ataxia

Front 7

What occurs at ethanol levels between 60-80mg/dL? 120-160mg/dL? 300-500mg/dL? >500mg/dL?

Back 7

1) impaired driving
2) gross drunkenness
3) loss of consciousness, anesthesia, coma, fatal cardiac and respiratory failure
4) lethal

Front 8

When alcohol is mixed with what is there an additive effect?

Back 8

1) sedative-hypnotics
2) opioid agonists
3) anti muscarinic receptors
4) anti H1 receptors

Front 9

What neurotransmitters does ethanol facilitate the action of?

Back 9

1) GABA at GAGAa receptros
2) inhibits glutamate at NMDA receptors
3) modifies adenylyl cyclase, phospholipase C and ion channels

Front 10

Alcohol black outs are the result of what?

Back 10

interference with NMDA receptors

Front 11

What is ethanols effects on the heart and uterus?

Back 11

1) depresses heart
2) relaxes smooth muscle leading to hypothermia
3) relaxes uterine smooth muscle

Front 12

Is there cross tolerance with ethanol?

Back 12

yes with benzos and barbituates

Front 13

Why do alcoholics get hypoglycemia?

Back 13

from decreased liver gluconeogenesis

Front 14

chronically how will alcohol effect the CNS?

Back 14

1) peripheral neuropathy (most common)
2) thiamine deficiency (wernicke-Korsakoff)

Front 15

What occurs in Wernicke-Korsakoff?

Back 15

1) ataxia
2) confusion
3) paralysis of extraocular muscles

Front 16

How is the endocrine system impacted by chronic ethanol use?

Back 16

1) gynecomastia
2) testicular atrophy
3) salt retention
4) altered steroid metabolism in cirrhotic liver

Front 17

how is the is the cardiovascular system affected by chronic ethanol use?

Back 17

1) HTN
2) anemia
3) dilated cardiomyopathy
4) increases HDL
Note: acute consumption can cause arrythmias

Front 18

Ethanol is not a primary carcinogen but chronic use is associated with what?

Back 18

1) neoplastic diseases in GI
2) increased risk of breast cancer

Front 19

How is the CNS depression of alcoholism treated?

Back 19

1) IV dextrose
2) thiamine
3) electrolyte correction

Front 20

Which drugs are used for alcohol withdrawal? In the presence of liver failure what is used?

Back 20

1) long acting benzo like diazapam, chlordiazepoxide
2) lorazepam

Front 21

What opioid receptor antagonist has been used to treat alcoholism? Which NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist?

Back 21

1) naltrexone
2) acamprosate

Front 22

An alocholic that takes disulfuram will experience what?

Back 22

1) nausea
2) headache
3) flushing
4) hypotension

Front 23

Methanol is found in what? What is it metabolized to?

Back 23

1) windshield cleaners and canned heat
2) formaldehyde and formic acid

Front 24

What does methanol cause?

Back 24

1) GI distress
2) SOB
3) loss of consciousness
4) coma
5) acidosis
6) retinal damage
7) blindness

Front 25

How is methanol poisoning treated?

Back 25

1) admistration of ethanol the preferred substrate of alcohol dehydrogenase
2) fomepizole

Front 26

What is the MOA of fomepizole?

Back 26

inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase

Front 27

What is ethylene glycol found in? How is taken up?

Back 27

1) inhalation
2) skin absorption
3) drinking antifreeze

Front 28

What does ethylene glycol lead to? What is it metabolized to?

Back 28

1) acidosis
2) renal damage
3) oxalic acid

Front 29

How is ethylene glycol intoxication treated?

Back 29

1) ethanol to compete at alcohol dehydrogenase
2) fomepizole

Front 30

Rate limiting step of alcohol metabolism

Back 30

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

Front 31

System that increases in activity with chronic ethanol exposure and may contribute to tolerance

Back 31

MEOS