Br - Neuro Drugs

Front 1

Drugs for glaucoma
(open and closed angle)

Back 1

open angle - decreased outflow
closed angle - decreased ouflow
alpha agonists: decrease synthesis by vasoconstriction
beta blockers: decrease secretion
diutretics: decrease secretion (carbonic anhydrase secretion)
cholinomimetics: increases outflow by opening canal of schlemm
prostaglandins: increases outflow

Front 2

Drugs for glaucoma
apha agonists:
Beta blockers:
diuretics:
cholinomimetics:
prostaglandins:

Back 2

apha agonists: epinephrine (not for closed angle), brimonidine
Beta blockers: timolol, betaxolol, carteolol
diuretics: acetazolimide
cholinomimetics: pilocarpine, physostigmine, echothiophate
prostaglandins: latanaprost

Front 3

Opioid analgesic mechanism

Back 3

-agonists to opioid receptors - mu, kappa, delta
-open K and closes Ca channels to decrease synaptic transmission
-for pain, cough, diarrhea, acute pulmonary edema, maintenence programs

Front 4

Opioid drugs

Back 4

morphine, fentanyl, codeine, heroin, methadone, meperidine, dextromethorphan

Front 5

Opioid SE

Back 5

respiratory depression
CNS depression
miosis
constipation
-no tolerance to miosis and constiipation

Front 6

Butorphanol

Back 6

-partial opioid agonist at mu receptors
-less respiratory depression than other opioids
-will cause a withdrawal if on full opioid agonist

Front 7

tramadol

Back 7

-very weak opioid agonist, also inhibits serotonin and NE reuptake
-for chronic pain
-decreased seizure threshold

Front 8

Epilepsy drug classes

Back 8

-benzodiazepines
-phenytoin
-barbituates
-valporic acid
-ethosuximide

Front 9

Phenytoin mechanism and use

Back 9

-blocks Na channels and inhibition of glutamate release
-tonic clonic seizures

Front 10

Barbituate drugs

Back 10

phenobarbital, pentobarbital, thiopental, secobarbital

Front 11

Barbituate mechanisms

Back 11

increase GABA by increasing the duration of the Cl transporter to decrease neurone firing

(barbiDURATe increase Cl DURATtion)

Front 12

Barbituate overdose features?

Back 12

-dependence, CNS depression, respiratory or CV depression, C450
-treat overdose with symptom management

Front 13

Benzodiazepine drugs
Which are short acting?

Back 13

diazepam, lorazepam, triazolam, temazepam, oxazepam, midazolam, chlordiazepoxide, alprazolam
TOM = triazolam, oxazepam, midazolam are short acting

Front 14

Benzodiazepine mechanism

Back 14

-increase GABA by increasing the frequency Cl channel opening
-long half lives
(FREnzodiazepines increase FREquency)

Front 15

Principles of anesthetics

Back 15

1) must be lipid soluble or actively transported to get across BBB
2) decreased solubility = rapid unductiona nd recovery (N20)
3) increased solubility = increased potency (halothane)

Front 16

Inhaled anesthetics and mechanism?

Back 16

-halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, methoxyflurane, NO
-unknown mechanism

Front 17

dissociative anesthetic for kids

Back 17

ketamine

Front 18

rapid anesthetics for short procedures

Back 18

propofol

Front 19

IV anesthetics

Back 19

barbituates
benzodiazepines
ketamine (arylcyclohexylmaines)
opiates
propofol
(BBK on OPIATES is PROPOSED FOOLISH)

Front 20

local anesthetics

Back 20

Esters: procaine, cocaine, tetracaine
Amides: Lipdocaine, Mepivicaine, Bupivicaine
(amIdes have two I's)

Front 21

mechanism of local anesthetics

Back 21

-block Na channels by binding to inner portion of the channel
-since on Na channels it blocks rapid firing neurons
-small myelinated > small unmyelinated > large > large unmyelinated
-acidic tissue prevents the drugs from penetrate the membrane to get to the other side

Front 22

neuromuscular blocking drugs

Back 22

Depolarizing - succinylcholine
Nondepolarized - tubcurarine, atracurium, mivacurium, pancuronium - compete for ACh receptors

Front 23

Dantrolene

Back 23

-prevents release of Ca from SR of skeletal muscle
-used for malignant hyperthermia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Front 24

Parkinson's drugs
(loss of dopaminergic neurons and excess cholinergic activity)

Back 24

-Bromocriptine: partial dopamine agonist
-Amantadine: increased dopamine release
-L-dopa/carbidopa: converted to dopaine in the CNS
-Selegiline: MAO inhibitor to prevent dopamine breakdown
-Antimuscarinics (Benztropine): improves tremor and rigiditiy
(BALSA)

Front 25

Sumatriptan

Back 25

5-HT agonist causes vasocontriction
Inhibits trigeminal activation and vasoactive peptide release
for acute migrane and cluster headaches

Front 26

Alzheimer's drugs

Back 26

memantine: NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid) to prevent excitotoxicity
donepezil: acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (increases Ach)