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5 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Pericarditis and Cardiac Tamponade
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Infection or inflammation of the the pericardium. It can lead to roughening of the serous lining of the pericardial cavity which causes the beating heart to produce a creaking sound called pericardial friction rub. This sound can be picked up by a stethoscope. It is generally characterized by pain behind the sternum. Overtime it can lead to adhesions of the heart to the outer pericardial wall or scarring of the pericardium. Scarring leads to thickening that can potentially inhibit the hearts movement.
Cardiac tamponade results from severe acute cases of pericarditis where fluid from the inflammatory response exude into the pericardial cavity. The pericardium is a tough, inflexible tissue and the excess fluid compresses the heart. This compression limits the ability of the heart to to pump blood and is called cardiac tamponade. You can treat it via draining the fluid with a hypodermic needle placed into the pericardial cavity. This can also occur from blood build up from a penetrating wound to the heart (i.e. a stab wound). |
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incompetent valve
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An incompetent valve is a valve disorder where the valve leaks because it fails to close properly. They are characterized by a distinct blowing sound after the valve closes.
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stenotic valve
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A stenotic valve is a valve disorder where the valves are too narrow because they cannot open properly. This is commonly caused by cusps fusing together or from the build up of calcium deposits on valve flaps.
Stenosis of the aortic valve is characterized by a distinctive "click" sound during ventricular systole as blood passing through the valve becomes turbulent and vibrates. |
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mitral valve prolapse
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An inherited weakness of the collagen in the valve and chordae tendineae allows one or both cusps of the valve to "flop" into the left atrium during ventricular systole. This is the most common heart valve disorder (affecting 2.5%-5% of the population). It is characterized by a distinctive heart sound - a click followed by a swish (back flow of blood). Most cases are mild and harmless, but severe cases may lead to heart failure or a disruption of heart rhythm.
Treatment of valve disorders typically involve surgery. If the valves cannot be repaired they are replaced with either synthetic or pig valves. Replacement techniques are not permanent and result in a bunch of problems. |
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Heart block
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The atria and ventricles are insulated from each other by the electrically inert fibrous skeleton. Thus the only route for impulse transmission from the atria to the ventricles is through the AV node and AV bundle. Damage to either of these is called a heart block and interferes with the ability of the ventricles to receive the pacing impulses. Without these signals, the ventricles beat at an intrinsic rate that is slower than that of the atria and too slow to maintain adequate circulation.
An artificial pacemaker set to discharge at the appropriate rate is usually implanted to fix this problem. |
