Bowel Elimination

Front 1

black & tarry stool =

Back 1

blood in stool - usually upper GI tract

Front 2

pale colored stool =

Back 2

malabsorption of fat; or diet high in milk & low in meat

Front 3

bright red stool =

Back 3

lower GI bleed

Front 4

stool streaked with blood on outside =

Back 4

hemorrhoids or fissures

Front 5

clay/white colored stools =

Back 5

absence of bile being dumped from gallbladder into intestine to help breakdown food

Front 6

orange/green colored stool =

Back 6

intestinal infection

Front 7

stool with consistency of diarrhea =

Back 7

increased intestinal motility

Front 8

stool of hard consistency =

Back 8

constipation

Front 9

stool with noxious odor =

Back 9

blood, infection (C-diff)

Front 10

stool narrow in shape =

Back 10

can be caused by straining during elimination

Front 11

stool of ribbon/pencil/string shape =

Back 11

can mean an obstruction, caused by either rectal/colon polyps or CA

Front 12

if stool floats = high fat content =

Back 12

pancreatitis - fat being dumped into stool

Front 13

slows pulse rate, increases venous pressure, decreases blood flow to heart, increases intrathoracic pressure, can cause a vagel response resulting in MI, can cause a hypotensive episode

Back 13

valsalva maneuver

Front 14

# of normal bowel sounds/min.

Back 14

3-5

Front 15

a decrease in a person's normal freq. of defecation accompanied by difficult/incomplete passage of stool and/or passage of excessively hard/dry stool

Back 15

constipation

Front 16

most common GI complaint in U.S.A/year

Back 16

constipation

Front 17

main goal with constipation =

Back 17

increase fluid intake

Front 18

natural, least irritating

Back 18

bulk-forming laxitive

Front 19

absorbs water from GI tract & stretches intestinal wall, stimulating peristolsis

Back 19

bulk-forming laxitive

Front 20

this type of laxitive can also be used to give stool form (e.g. post gallbladder removal, IBS)

Back 20

bulk-forming laxitive

Front 21

effective in 12-24 hrs, but can take up to 72 hrs. to work

Back 21

bulk-forming laxitive

Front 22

contain bran, methylcellulose, polycarbophil, & psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid

Back 22

bulk-forming laxitive

Front 23

can cause N/V, cramps, GI/esophageal obstructions

Back 23

bulk-forming laxitive

Front 24

a stool "softener"; has no laxative effect

Back 24

surfactant

Front 25

is used to help prevent straining - stool is softer so prevents straining

Back 25

surfactant

Front 26

decreases tension of fecal mass to allow water to penetrate into stool

Back 26

surfactant

Front 27

acts as a detergent that facillitates the mixing of fat & water

Back 27

surfactant

Front 28

side effect is that stools can become too soft & therefore have to be digitally removed

Back 28

surfactant

Front 29

do not use with CHF Pts. b/c of sodium content may cause fluid retention

Back 29

surfactant

Front 30

increases ease of passage of stool by coating stool

Back 30

lubricant

Front 31

mineral oil is this type of laxative

Back 31

lubricant

Front 32

brand name for docusate sodium - a surfactant

Back 32

colace

Front 33

mineral oil is this type of lax.

Back 33

lubricant

Front 34

over time, this lax. can interfere with absorption of fat-sol vitamins (A, D,E & K)

Back 34

mineral oil

Front 35

do not admin within 2 hours of meals due to interference with absorption of fat-sol vitamins

Back 35

mineral oil

Front 36

do not admin this lax to Pts. with swallowing difficulty or while Pt. is laying down (r/t GERD), due to increased risk for aspiration

Back 36

mineral oil

Front 37

magnesium hydroxide (M.O.M), Mag. Citrate (Citroma, Evac-Q-Mag), polyethylen glycol-electrolyte soln. (Go-Lytely), & sodium phosphate w/ sodium biphosphate (Fleets enema)

Back 37

saline cathartics

Front 38

this lax works by attracting water osmotically into lumen of lg. intesting, which stimulates peristolsis

Back 38

saline cathartics

Front 39

this lax produces a stool that is traditionally semi-liquid

Back 39

saline cathartics

Front 40

this lax empties the bowel w/in 2-6 hrs when given orally

Back 40

saline cathartics

Front 41

these lax's can empty bowel w/in 30 min. when given rectally

Back 41

glycerine supp. & Fleet's enema

Front 42

do not give this lax to Pts. w/ poor kidney func., cardiac disease, or Pts. w/ inflammatory bowel disease

Back 42

saline cathartics

Front 43

biscodyl (Ducalox), senna (Senokot), phenolphthalein (Doxadan, Ex-lax, Feen-a-Mint, Correctol)

Back 43

stimulants

Front 44

this catagory of laxatives are the strongest & most widely abused

Back 44

stimulant (irritant) cathartics

Front 45

this lax works by irritating GI mucosa & pulling water into lumen, then the feces moves too rapidly to allow absorption of fecal water, so a watery stool is eliminated

Back 45

stimulant cathartics

Front 46

this stimulant lax empties bowel in 2-6 hrs., if given orally

Back 46

stimulant cathartics

Front 47

this stimulant lax empties bowel w/in 2-5 min., if given rectally

Back 47

stimulant cathartics (glycerine supp. & fleets enema)

Front 48

if this lax is used for more than 1 wk, sometimes the lg. intestine will lose it's tone

Back 48

stimulant cathartics

Front 49

these products can turn BMs orange (and urine too)

Back 49

senna products

Front 50

calcium polycarbophil

Back 50

FiberCon, Fiberall, Mitrolan

Front 51

methylcellulose

Back 51

Citrucel

Front 52

psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid

Back 52

Metamucil

Front 53

brand name of castor oil lax

Back 53

Purge

Front 54

OTC opium derivative used to stop diarrhea

Back 54

loperamide (Immodium)

Front 55

decreases intestinal motility, thereby decreasing peristalsis of GI tract (can cause constipation)

Back 55

loperamide (Immodium)

Front 56

anti-diarrheal that has no CNS effects & is a derivative of demerol drugs

Back 56

Lotrimide

Front 57

anti-diarrheal used after loperamide does not work

Back 57

diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil)

Front 58

anti-diarrheal that Pts. should use caution when driving b/c has atropene sulfate in it

Back 58

diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil)

Front 59

diphenoxylate/atropine

Back 59

Lomotil

Front 60

loperamide

Back 60

Immodium

Front 61

this anti-diarrheal is used only for severe diarrhea

Back 61

diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil)

Front 62

this anti-diarrheal diminishes abd. cramping, while reducing the loss of water & electrolytes

Back 62

diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil)

Front 63

side effects of this anti-diarrheal include: anorexia, N/V, dizziness, headache, tachycardia, drowsiness, & constipation (if given too much)

Back 63

diphenoxylate/atropine (Lomotil)

Front 64

this anti-diarrheal makes stool black in color

Back 64

bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)

Front 65

this anti-diarrheal should be avoided in Pts. w/ aspirin hypersensitivity

Back 65

bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)

Front 66

iron, charcoal ingestion, bismuth, red meat, dk.green veggies (spinach)

Back 66

things that can cause stool to be black in color (but not tarry = blood)

Front 67

normal # of bowel sounds / min.

Back 67

5-35

Front 68

normal color of stool for infants

Back 68

shades of yellow

Front 69

normal color of stool for breast-fed infants

Back 69

golden yellow

Front 70

normal color of stool for milk-fed infants

Back 70

dark yellow

Front 71

normal color of stool for adults

Back 71

shades of brown