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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dental Pad
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flat, thick, connective tissue on top of mouth |
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What teeth are primarily used for age est. and up to what age can this be used?
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up to age 5 |
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What is the permanent dental formula for cattle?
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2( I 0/0 C 0/1 P 3/3 M 3/3)=32 |
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How many L of saliva can a ruminant produce in a 6-8 hr day?
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160-180 L |
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Ruminant saliva contains high concentrations of what?
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Sodium bicarbonate and phosphate buffers |
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The buffers in the ruminant saliva help to do what?
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neutralize the acids found in the rumen and maintain normal pH levels |
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The Reticulum
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smallest most cranial compartment honeycomb appearance |
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What is the purpose of the reticulum?
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aid to bring up feed boluses for re-chewing |
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Traumatic Reticulopericarditis
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heavy objects that get caught in the reticulum go through the cranial wall into the diaphragm or the pericardium
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What part of the stomach is this?
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reticulum |
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The Rumen
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Large formation vat located primarily on the left side of the abdomen |
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What is the purpose of the rumen?
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feed mixing growth of bacteria and protozoa |
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What is the normal pH of the Rumen?
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5.5-7.0 |
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The digestion in the rumen provides the animal with what vit.?
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digestion of plant material by bacterial and protozoa in the rumen result in what? |
CO2 and methane |
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What does the body do with the volatile fatty acids that are produced by the plant material?
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absorbed by the liver and converted in glucose |
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Microbes in the rumen do what for the animal? |
flushed into other chamber and provide the animal with major protein source |
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The Omasum
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What is the purpose of the Omasum? |
reabsorption of water remove bicarb. so doesn't change pH of the abomasum |
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The Abomasum
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True stomach
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What is the purpose of the abomasum?
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secretes digestive enzyme prepare for aborption in Sml. Intestine |
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What part of the stomach is this?
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omasum |
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what is the normal pH of the abomasum?
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2.5 |
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What is the largest part of the stomach in the young ruminant? |
the abomasum |
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Esophageal groove
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trough in the reticular wall that extends from the esophageal opening to the omasum |
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What part of the stomach is this?
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Abomasum |
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The Sml. intestine lie on what side of the midline?
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Right |
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How long is the Sml. intestine
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About 20x length of animal
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What shape is the Lrg. intestine of the ruminant?
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Spiral |
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Male ruminants have what turn in the urethra that make them impossible to catheterize?
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sigmoid flexure |
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Bovine Kidney
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Divided into 12 lobes |
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What organ is this?
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Kidney |
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Vertebral formula for cattle
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C7 T13 L6 Cy18-20 |
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What two MC/MT bones fused together to form the cannon bone?
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3 and 4 |
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Bovine RBCs
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resistant to rouleaux formation exhibit unequal size |
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Eosinophil
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small round red granules in the cytoplasm |
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What WBC are these?
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eosinophils |
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What is the most abounded WBC in the healthy ruminant?
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Lymphocytes |
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Bovine plasma
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yellow in color due to carotene content
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Increased level of what in the plasma many indicate chronic disease or inflammation
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Fibrinogen
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Calf
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Baby either sex |
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Heifer
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young female- never had calf |
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cow |
mature female
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Bull
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Steer |
Castrated male |
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"Open"
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non-pregnant |
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Freshening
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cow coming into full milk after calving |
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What breed of dairy cattle is this?
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Holstein
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Male Holstein calves are used for what?
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Veal |
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What breed of dairy cattle is this?
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Jersey- black face
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Jersey bulls are known for what?
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mean!!
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Guernsey cattle produce what milk?
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milk with butterfat and high protein
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What breed of dairy cattle is this?
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Ayrshire- mostly white in color
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What breed of dairy cattle is this?
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Brown Swiss- brown face
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What breed of dairy cattle is this?
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Milking shorthorn
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What breed of beef cattle is this?
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Hereford
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What is one of the main breeds used for beef in the US
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hereford |
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What breed of beef cattle is this?
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Angus- ALL black
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What breed of beef cattle is this?
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Charolais- white or creamy in color
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What breed of beef cattle is this?
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Brahman- hump on back, loose skin on neck
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What breed of beef cattle is this?
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Brangus- hump and ALL black
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Dairy calves are removed form the dam when after birth?
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within 24 hrs |
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Beef calves are allowed to run with dam for how long after birth?
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6 mths |
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Dairy cows lactate how many days out of the year?
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305 |
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Dairy cattle can require how many gals. a day for peak lactation
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up to 45 gals.
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Total mixed ration
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All nutrients are calculated based on production level |
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Forage and grain diet
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hay is provided all day and grain BID |
