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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Why should only lens paper be used to clean the microscope?
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The microscope lens scratch easy and the lens paper gently cleans it without damage
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What is the function of the condenser?
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It concentrates light in the plane of the object viewed
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What is resolution?
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The capacity of the microscope to seperate tiny, closely adjacent objects
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Where should an adjustable condenser be set for a maximum resolution?
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Turn the knob so that the top lens of the condenser us as close to the stage as it'll go, then back off no more than a millimeter
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What is the function of the iris diagram?
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It regulates the amount of light passing through an object
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What happens to the light intesity as the magnification is increased?
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It gets darker
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What happens to the light intensity as the magnification is decreased?
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It gets lighter
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What happens to the actual amount of field vision when magnification is increased?
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It is decreased
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The greater the magnification the ____ the depth of field
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less
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How many layers of cells are there in an Elodea leaf?
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Two
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How should a coverslip be applied to a drop of liquid on a microscope slide?
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Dip one edge in the water drop, the slowly lower
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When chloroplasts appear to be moving within a living cell, what is the cause of thir movement called?
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Cyclosis or cytoplasmic streaming
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In most living cells, such as those of the Elodea, where is the cytoplasm located? How extensive are plant cell vacuoles?
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Cytoplasm is confined to the walla and may even extend across the vacuoles. (& in plasma membrane)
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What cytoplasmic bridges?
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Thin strands of cytoplasm
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What parts of cells are normally visible with the aid of a compound microscope?
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Cytoplasm, nuclei, vacuoles, chloroplasts
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If present in a cell, where are anthocyanin pigments located?
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Pink staining in cell vacuoles
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How are amyloplasts distinguished from parenchyma cells in a potato?
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Can use stain to distinguish, amloplasts are colorless after staining
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What are striae, and where are they located in a spiderwort stamen hair cell?
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Lines on the surface of each cell
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How does chromoplasts differ from a chloroplast?
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Chromoplasts are much smaller and red/orange in color
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In what part of the cell are chloroplasts located?
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Cytoplasm, the wall, across vacuoles, and in the plasma membrane
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What is cyclosis?
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The movement of chloroplasts and cytoplasm
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What is a vacuole?
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Flexible bag of watery fluid, a wetery sac
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What is the thin boundary of the vacuole called?
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Vacuolar membrane
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Is the vacuolar membrane visible?
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No
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Where would you look for the nucleus in an Elodea cell?
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Against the cell wall
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Anthocynanin pigments and chromoplasts may both be red in color, how would you distinguish b/w the two if they were both present in the cell
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Anthocyanin pigments are in the vacuoles
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How can you tell a potato amyloplast from a cell?
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Colorless w/ faint concentric lines formed by deposits of starch w/ in them
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Specifically, where do starch grains develop?
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In amyloplasts
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Where would you expect to find the nucleolus?
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W/ in the nucleus
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With which specific region of the roots is this exercise concerned?
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Region of maturation
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In which tissues do the root hairs originate?
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Epidermal cell
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In which tissues do the lateral roots originate?
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Pericycle
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What evidence of the food-storage function of cortex is present in buttercup (Ranunculus) roots?
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Extensive tissue w/ starch grains interior to the epidermis
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Which tissue surrounds and borders the stele of a dicot root?
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Endodermis
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Which tissue comprise the stele?
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Vascular tissue
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What is the function of the vascular cambium?
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Producing secondary xylem and phloem
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What term is used to describe the bands of fatty substances that are found on the inner surfaces of the endodermal cell walls?
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Suberin or casparian strips
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Is a pith present in all roots?
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No
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What roots is a pith present in?
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Monocot
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As lateral roots develop inside a primary root, through which tissues must they grow to reach the surface?
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The endodermis (next to the pericycle from which its formed) and the cortec and epidermis
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From which tissue do lateral roots arise?
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Pericycle
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B/w which tissues is the vascular cambium located?
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primary xylem and primary phloem
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Which tissues of stems are not present in dicot roots?
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Pith
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In which tissue are root hairs to be found?
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Epidermal
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Which tissue is immediately adjacent to the endodermis on the side toward the center?
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Pericycle
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In which region of the root does differntiation of cells into various cell types take place?
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Maturation
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What is present in cells of the cortex the gives evidence of its function as a food-storage tissue?
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Extensive tissue e/ starch grain
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Of what fatty substance are Casparian strips composed?
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Suberin
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What tissue produces cells that add to the girth (diameter) of the root?
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Vascular cambium
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What water-conducting tissue is present in the center of a dicot root?
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Primary xylem
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What protects the buds of dormant twigs?
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Bud scales
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What are bundle scars?
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Small scar left by a vascular bundle w/ in a leaf scar when the leaf separates from its stem through abscission
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Where are axillary buds located?
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In the axil
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What structures are associated with gas exchange are found throughout stem internodes?
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Lenticel
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What is the difference b/w bud scale scar and leaf scar
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Bud scale-terminal buds leave these scars when they fall off in spring, used to tell age
Leaf scar-left on twig when leaf separates from it |
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Which tissue separates cortex from pith in an older alfalfa stem? What is the function of this tissue?
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Vascular cambium, create secondary xylem and phloem
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What is the primary function of the cortex and pith?
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storing food and sometimes manufactoring it
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Which tissue conducts water and minerals in solution?
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Xylem
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Which two tissues are produced by the cork cambium
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Cork and phelloderm
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Which two tissues are produced by the vascular cambium?
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Secondary xylem and phloem
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In which tissues of the linden (basswood) stem are fiber cells conspicuous?
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Phloem
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Of what kinds of cells is an snnual ring of xylem composed?
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vessels and tracheids
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What is the term applied to stem parenchyma tissue that is not separated into cortex and pith?
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Fundamental tissue
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What are the small bumps of parenchyma tissue on the surface of the internodes called?
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Lenticels
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How is a bundle scar formed?
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When terminal buds fall off in spring
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What is the function of the lenticel?
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Gas exchange
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Which of the stems in this exercise has the most complex phloem?
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basswood
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In addition to cork, what tissue is usually produced by the cork cambium?
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Phelloderm
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How are the vascular bundles arranged in a monocot stem?
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Scattered throughout the stem
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Which of the stems featured in this lab is/are not dicot?
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Corn
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How does a compound leaf differ from a simple leaf?
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Compound-divided into various leaflets
Simple-single blade |
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What fatty of waxy subtance present on the outer walls of leaf epidermal cells is pften lost in the preparation of slides?
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Cuticle
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When you view a cross section of a lead with the upper epidermis at the top, where is the phloem located in a vien?
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Lower section
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Which of the larger organelles are most abundant in palisade mesophyll cell?
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Chloroplasts
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What specific tissue marks the outer boundary of transfusion tissue in a pine leaf?
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Endodermis
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Which tissue lies b/w the epidermis and the endodermis in a pine leaf?
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Mesophyll
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Where are the resin canals located in a pine leaf?
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In the mesophyll
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What is the function of resin canals?
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Serve as tubular duct secreting resin
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What are sunken stomata?
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Stomata that are sunken or pushed into the epidermis
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With which types of plants are sunken stomata associated with?
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Desert plants and pines
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What is the function of the hypodermis?
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Gives support and rigidity to the pine leaf and some protection
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Where is the hypodermis located?
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Beneath the epidermis
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Aprat from shape and size, how do guard cells differ from the epidermal cells that surround them?
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Contain chloroplasts
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What are stipules?
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Pair of leaflike, scale-like, or thorn-like appendages
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What is the fatty or waxy substance that coats a leaf epidermis called?
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Cuticle
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What tissue composed of thick-walled cells is found just beneath the epidermis of a pine?
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Hypodermis
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In prepared slides of lilac leaves, why are some veins visible in cross sections while others are visible in longitudinal section?
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B/c veins run in various directions and at various angles
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Which tissue of pine leaves differs from that of lilac leaves in its not being divided into two distinguishable layers?
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Mesophyll
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Of what two tissues are leaf viens primarily composed?
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Xylem and phloem
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Where are stomata generally most abundant in the majority of leaves?
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Lower epidermis
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Which layer of mesophyll is closest to the upper epidermis of a leaf?
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palisade
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In which kind of lead would you expect to find resin canals?
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Pine leaves
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The two cells that form and surround a stoma are known as what?
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Guard cells
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