Botany Test 3

Front 1

area of petiole where falling off from plant occurs

Back 1

abscission zone

Front 2

plants that dwell in dry, desert environments

Back 2

xerophytes

Front 3

modified leaves or stipules

Back 3

spines

Front 4

modified stems that arise from auxiliary buds where the leaf joins the stem

Back 4

thorns

Front 5

prickles develop from the ______

Back 5

epidermis

Front 6

Light reactions produce: [3]

Back 6

02
ATP
NADPH

Front 7

ATP is synthesized using energy obtained from______

Back 7

chemiosmosis

Front 8

Enzyme that functions as an oxygenase, resulting in photophosphorylation

Back 8

Rubisco

Front 9

pathway that limits carbon loss from photorespiration

Back 9

C4

Front 10

Stores CO2 in a C4 acid at night for use in calvin cycle during the day

Back 10

CAM Plants

Front 11

bacteria that don't rely on photosynthesis; they get carbon form CO2 and energy form inorganic chemicals

Back 11

chemoautotrophs

Front 12

The Calvin Cycle occurs in the ______

Back 12

Stroma

Front 13

Tablet shapes stacked in the Granum

Back 13

Thykaloids

Front 14

A stack of Thykaloids

Back 14

Granum

Front 15

photosynthesis Formula

Back 15

6CO2 + 12H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H20

Front 16

what is it called when photons pass through the leaf

Back 16

transmission

Front 17

when photons are trapped by pigments in leaf it is called:

Back 17

absorbtion

Front 18

when photons are reflected off leaf:

Back 18

reflection

Front 19

movement of energy through pigments until it reaches chlorophyll a [builds up energy until it kicks out e-]

Back 19

energy migration

Front 20

reemition of light at a longer wavelength by molecules

Back 20

fluorescence

Front 21

what is the opening in a thykaloid

Back 21

lumen

Front 22

runs between grana

Back 22

strom thykaloid

Front 23

where do light reactions take place

Back 23

thykaloid membrane

Front 24

purpose of light reactions in thykaloid membrane

Back 24

to produce ATP & NADPH molecules that are used in the Calvin Cycle in order for the plant to make sugar

Front 25

group of accessory pigments around chloraphyll a

Back 25

antenna pigment molecules

Front 26

reaction center + pigment molecules + associated proteins

Back 26

antenna complex

Front 27

4 major concepts of photosynthesis

Back 27

photolysis
chemiosmosis
photophosphoryllation
reduction of NADP+

Front 28

H2O is split
e- go to P680
required for light reaction to continue
O2 is a waste product

Back 28

photolysis

Front 29

movement of H+ atoms from stroma to lumen
creates gradients of charge & concentration
gradient provides energy for photophosphoryllation

Back 29

chemiosmosis

Front 30

adding e- to NADP+
makes NADPH
NADPH is e- donor in Calvin Cycle

Back 30

Reduction of NADP+

Front 31

"dark reactions" or light independant reactions

Back 31

The Calvin cycle

Front 32

carbon from CO2 is bound into non-gaseous, more complex molecule

Back 32

carbon fixation

Front 33

3 phosphoglycerate

Back 33

3 carbon molecule

Front 34

Enzyme responsible for carbon fixation

Back 34

rubisco

Front 35

the production of CO2 as a result of ribusco activity

Back 35

photorespiration

Front 36

binds CO2 with 4- carbon molecules

Back 36

C4 pathway

Front 37

Cells where Calvin cycle is carried out in C4 plants

Back 37

bundle-sheath cells

Front 38

cells that carry out c4 pathway

Back 38

mesophyll cells

Front 39

enzyme that carries out carbon fixation in C4 pathway

Back 39

PEP carboxylase

Front 40

enzyme that only bonds CO2

Back 40

PEP carboxylase

Front 41

enzyme that bonds both CO2 & O2

Back 41

rubisco

Front 42

ring-like arrangement of bundle-sheath cells in C4 leaves

Back 42

Kranz anatomy

Front 43

the oxygenase activity of rubisco predominates when

Back 43

high concentrations of O2

high temperatures

high light levels

Front 44

C4 plants are more efficient when

Back 44

CO2 concentrations are low
high light
high temperature

Front 45

C4 fixation has extra costs [2]

Back 45

uses two additional ATP

requires extra enzymes

Front 46

dessicated cell is called

Back 46

plazmolized

Front 47

diffusion of water through membrane

Back 47

osmosis

Front 48

describe difference in sun/shade leaves

Back 48

sun leaves are thicker due to longer palisades mesophyll.

Front 49

what happens in petiole to cause abscission

Back 49

separation of cells and weakening of fibers create abscission zone so tree may "shed" unproductive structures.

Front 50

large, bubble-shaped epidermal cells that occur in groups on the upper surface of the leaves of many grasses

Back 50

bulliform cells

Front 51

What is the function of Bulliform cels

Back 51

: Fold leaves during water stress to reduce transpiration losses.

Front 52

what is the random movement of particles suspended in a fluid called

Back 52

Brownian movement

Front 53

what is the movement of non-polar molecules from area of high concentration to low concentration?

Back 53

diffusion

Front 54

what is the source of energy for diffusion

Back 54

Brownian movement

Front 55

portion of a solution being dissolved

Back 55

solute

Front 56

portion of a solution doing the dissolving

Back 56

solvent

Front 57

name for higher concentration of solute outside cell

Back 57

hypertonic

Front 58

name for lower concentration of solute outside cell

Back 58

hypotonic

Front 59

what is it called when water rises of its own accord in a glass tube?

Back 59

capillary action

Front 60

advantages/disadvantages of symplastic movement

Back 60

allows regulation

slower than apoplastic

Front 61

water movement in roots through the cell cytoplasm & plasmodesmata

Back 61

symplastic movement

Front 62

Phyllodes tumor: which decade is most common for onset and malignant or benign

Back 62

Most common in 6th decade. Some may become malignant

Front 63

advantages/disadvantages of apoplastic movement of water in roots

Back 63

faster

no regulation

Front 64

functions of the epidermis

Back 64

1.) casparian strip stops apoplastic movement
2.) forces h2o into regulated flow area

Front 65

water soluble pigments

Back 65

phycocyanins

Front 66

chlorophyll is water/fat soluble

Back 66

fat soluble