Botany, Evolution: Exam 2

Front 1

a. Whatis the ploidy of the cell labelled “A”?

b. Whathas happened to prepare the cell in the circle for meiosis? (Process labelled“B”).

c. Whatare the cells labelled “C” called?

d. Whatis the ploidy of the cells in C above?

e. Thisorganism undergoes ______?_______ meiosis.

f. Thisis the life cycle of a ____?_______

Back 1

Fungi

a. n+n

b. Karyogamy

c. Ascospores

d.1N

e. Zygotic

f. Ascomycete

Front 2

a. What termrefers to a cell with 2 nuclei as seen in the cell labelled “A”?

b. Whatis the ploidy of the cell labelled “B”?

c. Whatis the ploidy of the cell labelled “C”?

d. Whatis the ploidy of the primary mycelium?

e. Whatis the ploidy of the secondary mycelium?

f. Whatis the ploidy of the tertiary mycelium?

g. Thisis the life cycle of a ____?_______

Back 2

Fungi - Mushroom

a. Dikaryotic

b. 2n

c. 1n

d. 1n

e. n+n

f. n+n

g. Basidiomycete

Front 3

a. What is the structure labelled “A”?

b. What is the ploidy of this structure?

c. Is this structure involved in asexualor sexual reproduction?

d. What process does arrow “B” indicate toproduce spores?

e. What is the ploidy of the sporeslabelled “C”?

f. Are the spores labelled “D” involvedin asexual or sexual reproduction?

g. This is the life cycle of a____?_______

Back 3

Fungi - rhizopus

a. Zygospore

b. 2n

c. sexual

d. meiosis

e. 1n

f. asexual

g. zygomycete

Front 4

a. What is the structure labelled “A”?

b. Is structure A male or female? What does it produce?

c. What is the structure labelled “B”?

d. Is structure B male or female? What does it produce?

e. Are these structures part of thegametophyte or sporophyte?

f. Name the organism that thesestructures belong to.

Back 4

Bryophyte- marchantia

a. Archegoniophore

b. Female. Eggs.

c. Antheridiophore

d. male. sperm.

e. gametophyte

f. marchantia

Front 5

a. What is the FUNCTION of the structurelabelled “A”?

b. Name the structure labelled “B”.

c. Name structure “C”. What is produced in structure “C”?

d. What is this entire structure? What is its ploidy?

e. What is this structure growing outof? (Be specific.)

f. Name this organism.

Back 5

Bryophyte- marchantia

a. anchors the sporophyte to gametophyte (foot)

b. seta

c. capsule or sporangium. spores

d. sporophyte. 2n

e. archegonial tissue

f. marchantia

Front 6

a. This organism is a:

b. Identify the structure labelled “A”?

c. Identify structure “B”.

d. What is produced in structure “B”? What is the ploidy of structure “B”?

e. Identify structure “C” (lid).

f. Is this a vascular plant?

g. Which is the dominant generation inthis organism?

Back 6

Bryophyte

a. moss

b. Seta

c. Capsule

d. Spores. 1n

e. operculum

f. no

g. gametophyte

Front 7

a. These are parts of a moss. Identify structure “A”.

b. Identify structure “B”.

c. What is structure “C”?

d. What is produced in structure “D”?

e. To which generation do “A” and “B”belong?

Back 7

Bryophyte - Mnium

a. Archegonium

b. Antheridium

c. egg

d. sperm

e. gametophyte

Front 8

a. What is this organism?

b. Is this organism homosporous orheterosporous?

c. Is the gametophyte unisexual orbisexual?

d. What type of stele does this organismhave?

e. Does this organism have microphylls ormegaphylls?

Back 8

Seedless vascular plants - lycopodium

a. Lycopodium

b. Homosporous

c. Bisexual

d. Protostele

e. Microphylls

Front 9

a. What is this organism?

b. Is this organism homosporous orheterosporous?

c. Does this organism have endosporic or exosporicgametophytes?

d. Is this a vascular plant?

Back 9

Seedless vascular plants - selaginella

a. Selaginella

b. Heterosporous

c. endosporic

d. yes

Front 10

a. Identify this organism.

b. What is a rhizome?

c. What is the FUNCTION of elaters?

d. What is the dominant generation?

Back 10

Seedless vascular plants - Equisetum

a. equisetum

b. a rhizome is an underground stem

c. to ehlp disperse spores

d. sporophyte

Front 11

a. Does this organism have microphylls ormegaphylls?

b. Does this organism have an indusium?

c. Is this organism homosporous orheterosporous?

d. Why are young fronds called fiddleheads?

Back 11

Seedless vascular plants - polypodium

a. megaphylls

b. no

c. homosporous

d. Because the start outcurled like a fiddle. They unfold viacircinate vernation.

Front 12

a. What is the structure labelled “A”?

b. What is the structure labelled “B”?

c. What is the ploidy of the tissueindicated by “B”?

d. What is the function of structure “C”?

e. What is the ploidy of structure “C”?

f. Identify the organism.

Back 12

Bryophyte - gemma cup

a. rhizoid

b. thallus

c. 1n

d. grows into a new gametophyte

e. 1n

f. marchantia

Front 13

a. Whatis the ploidy of the cell labelled “A”?

b. Namethe layer indicated by “B”.

Back 13

Fungi - hymenium of ascomycete

a. 1n

b. hymenial layer/hymenium

Front 14

a. Name the structure labelled “A”.

b. Where are this structure found? (Bespecific).

c. What is the ploidy of the structurelabelled “B”?

d. This is a:

Back 14

Fungi - hymenium of agaricomycotina

a. gill

b. underneath/underside of the pileus

c. 1n

d.basidiomycete

Front 15

a. This is a cross section through whattype of structure?

b. What is the FUNCTION of the structurelabelled “A”?

c. Does this organism have leptosporangiaor eusporangia?

d. What is the ploidy of the cellsindicated by “B”?

e. Name the structure indicated by “C”.

Back 15

Seedless Vascular Plants - sorus

a. a sorus

b. To protectspores. When spores are mature, it opensand releases/expels spores

c. leptosporangia

d. 1n

e. indusium

Front 16

a. What is this a diagram of?

b. What does structure “B” contain?

c. What is the purpose of structure “A” (this should have read A, not B)?

d. What is the region indicated by “B”?

e. What makes up “B”?

Back 16

Fungi - lichen

a. a lichen

b. Soredium =Photobiont(algaor cyanobacterium) and fungal filaments.

c.To produce a new lichen.

d.medulla

e.fungal hyphae

Front 17

a. What type of lichen is “A”?

b. What type of lichen is “B”?

c. What type of lichen is “C”?

d. What tells you that “C” is the type oflichen you said it was?

Back 17

a. crutose

b. foliose

c. fruticose

d. it has visible fruiting bodies

Front 18

Draw gametic meiosis

Back 18

Front 19

Draw zygotic meiosis

Back 19

Front 20

Draw sporic meiosis

Back 20

Front 21

Haploid symbol

Back 21

N

Front 22

Diploid Symbol

Back 22

2N

Front 23

Dikaryotic symbol

Back 23

N+N

Front 24

Thecolonization of land

Back 24

big step from aquatic toterrestrial

probably freshwateralgae,drying ponds

problems – solutions :

- support – lignin

- waterloss – cuticles, stomata-

gametophyte dominant – sporophyte dominant

- transport – vasculartissue·

why go terrestrial?: more light,CO2·

bryophytes:a first step, transitional between charophytes and vascularplants·

importantconcepts: macrophytic algae are in no way suited toterrestrial life, doingso changed them intoplants; bryophytescan’t stray far from their watery heritage.

Front 25

Bryophytes are a group of organisms at the transition between:

Back 25

Green algae and vascular Plants

Front 26

Which of the fallowing statements about bryophytes is FALSE?

a. They lack xylem and phloem

b. The cell walls of their water-conducting cells are lignified.

c. they exhibit alternatiing heteromorphic generations

d. the sporophyte is usually nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte

e. the gametophyte is usually larger then the sporophyte.

Back 26

b. The cell walls of their water-conducting cells are lignified.

Front 27

Gemmae are multicellular structures involved in:

Back 27

Asexual reproduction

Front 28

In bryophytes, fertilization takes place in the:

Back 28

Archegonium

Front 29

Liverworts lack ______, whereas mosses and hornworts have _____.

Back 29

Stomata

Front 30

At maturity, the sporophyte of most bryophytes consists of the:

Back 30

foot, seta and capsule.

Front 31

Peat mosses belonw to the phylum______, class___________.

Back 31

Bryophyta; Sphagnidae

Front 32

What is the function of hydroids?

Back 32

Conducting water

Front 33

Which of the following is not found in the marchantia life cycle?

a. thallus

b. isomorphic gametes

c. sporangium

d. gametophyte

e. zygote

Back 33

Isomorphic gametes

Front 34

The main photosynthetic pigments used in bryophytes are:

Back 34

chlorophyll a & b

Front 35

The main cell wall sugar is ____. Their main energy storage compound is ________. Bryophytes exhibit _________ meiosis, with an alternation of ___________ morphic generations

Back 35

glucose, starch, sporic meiosis, heteromorphic generations

Front 36

Which of the following statements about equisetum is FALSE?

a. they produce fertile and vegetative shoots

b. shoots arise from rhizomes

c. the gametophyte is free-living

d. they are heterosporous

Back 36

d. they are heterosporous

Front 37

In equisetum, the hollow, longitudinal channels found within the vascular bundle and formed from the disintegration of the protoxylem are called the:

Back 37

Carinal canals

Front 38

Which of the following statemetns about the fern, polypodium is false?

a. the fronds are megaphylls

b. it produces leptosporangia

c. the gametophytes are bisexual

d. sporangia are clustered in sori

e. the gametophyte is the dominant generation

Back 38

e. the gametophyte is the dominant generation

Front 39

An annunus is found in?

Back 39

Ferns

Front 40

A yount fern frond is called a fiddlehead because it demonstrates circinate vernation?

true of false

Back 40

True

Front 41

Which of the following has/have strobili?

a. Psilotum

b. Equisetum

c. Polypodium

d.A&B or all of the above.

Back 41

b. Equisetum

Front 42

Which of the following statements if false? Psilotum, Polypodium and equistum all;

a. are homosporous

b. have sori

c. have bisexual gametophytes

d. produce sporangia

e. have rhizomes

Back 42

b. have sori

Front 43

In bryophytes the dominant generation is the __________ and in seedlesss vascular plants the dominant generation is the _________.

Back 43

Gametophyte, sporophyte

Front 44

Which of the following statements about fungi is FALSE?

a. they are heterotrophic organisms

b. most are multicellular

c. they are more closely related to plants than to animals.

d. the largest living organism may be a fungus

e. only the insects have a greater number of species.

Back 44

c. they are more closely related to plants than to animals.

Front 45

By definition, an endophyte;

Back 45

lives within a plant

Front 46

coenocytic hyphae lack:

Back 46

Septa

Front 47

Karyogamy is the:

Back 47

fusion of nuclei

Front 48

Meiosis in fungi is

Back 48

Zygotic

Front 49

When two haploid nuclei do not fuse, the result is a:

Back 49

Dikaryon

Front 50

a macroscopic mass of fungal filaments is called a:

Back 50

mycelium

Front 51

In the ascomycete life cycle, meiosis takes place within a:

Back 51

Ascus.

Front 52

The layer of asci on the inner surface of an ascoma is called the:

Back 52

hymenium

Front 53

An ascoma that is open and cup-shaped is called a:

Back 53

apothecium

Front 54

mushrooms and toadstools belong to the phylum

Back 54

Basidiomycota

Front 55

The pileus is the _________ of a mushroom

Back 55

cap

Front 56

In the mushroom life cycle, karyogamy occurs in a basidium.

True or false

Back 56

True

Front 57

The teleomorphic stage in fungi is the sexual stage of the life cycle

True of false

Back 57

False

Front 58

A lican is formed from the mutualistic relationship between a photosynthetic member, known as the ____________, and a fungal member known as the __________.

Back 58

Photobiont, mycobiont