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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the functions of auxin?
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-Induces apical dominance
-Elongation of coleoptiles |
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What are the functions of cytokinins?
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-Axillary bud growth (relaxation of apical dominance)
-Cell division (at root apical meristemata) |
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What are the functions of gibberellin?
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-Fruit ripening
-Cell elongation in the stem |
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What are the functions of ethylene?
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-In balance with auxin, regulates leaf abcission
-Fruit ripening (self-catalyzing, so one bad apple...) |
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What are the functions of abscisic acid (ABA)?
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-Inhibits growth and germination (stress hormone)
-Closes stomata due to guard cells' loss of potassium |
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What species contains the oldest tree in the world? What is its phylum?
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Bristlecone pine, coniferophyta
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What species contains the tallest tree in the world? What is its phylum?
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Redwood, coniferophyta
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What species contains the most massive tree in the world? What is its phylum?
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Sequoia, coniferophyta
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What is the ratio of pollen grains produced per fertilization in gymnosperms? Angiosperms?
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1,000,000 in gymnosperms
6,000 in angiosperms |
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In the following categories, describe whether the inconspicuous generation is dependent upon on the dominant generation for survival:
-Algae -Bryophytes -Pteridophytes -Gymnosperms -Angiosperms |
-Algae: No
-Bryophytes: Yes -Pteridophytes: No -Gymnosperms, angiosperms: Yes |
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Distinguish monocots from eudicots by making comparisons in the following characteristics:
-Cotyledons -Veins and petioles of leaves -Location of vascular bundles in the stem -Root structure -Number of openings in the pollen grain -Number of flower organs |
Monocots have:
-2 cotyledons -No petioles and parallel veins in their leaf blades -More scattered vascular bundles -Dispersive roots -Single opening in pollen grain -Petals in multiples of 3 Dicots have -2 cotyledons -Web-like veins in their leaves -Vascular bundles arranged in rings -A dominant taproot with lateral branches -Pollen grains with 3 openings -Petals in multiples of 4 or 5 |
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Which two taxa make up the polyphyletic group "green algae"?
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Chlorophytes and charophytes
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What group is the sister taxon to land plants?
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Charophytes (freshwater green algae)
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What are the major issues with living on land?
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-Dessication
-Exposure to sunlight/UV -Gravity and water loss (need support structures) |
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What were the major advantages driving colonization of the land?
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No predators and limited competition
Lots of unfiltered sunlight Mineral-rich substrate (no soil yet) |
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Which algae(s) display an alternation of generations life cycle?
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Green algae
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Define: rhizoid
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A primitive root-like network found in bryophytes and in the gametophyte generation of pteridophytes
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Which taxa's main mode of dispersal is through spores?
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-Fungi
-Algae -Bryophytes -Ferns |
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Which taxa require water for fertilization?
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-Algae
-Bryophytes -Ferns |
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Which taxa have antheridia? Archegonia?
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Antheridia: Bryophytes, Pteridophytes
Archegonia: Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms |
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In what structure are the spores produced?
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In the capsule (sporangium) of the sporophyte
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Define: gametangia
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Structure that houses the gametes
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Define: strobilus
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Cluster of sporophyll, observed in pteridophytes
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How do whisk ferns differ from other vascular plants?
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Lack leaves, roots
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What was the climate/geologic effect of the evolution of vascularity?
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Global cooling, fossil fuel deposits
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Define: Sorus
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Collection of sporangia on a sporophyll
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In what structure and by what mechanism to spores arise in pteridophytes?
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In sporangia by meiosis
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Which groups make up "algae"? Which are unicellular? Which multicellular?
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Unicellular:
-(Cyanobacteria) -Diatoms -Golden Algae -Euglenoids -Dinoflagellates Multicellular: -"Green Algae" -Red Algae -Brown Algae |
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What structures identify the euglenoid?
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Long flagellum
Pigmented eyespot Pellicle |
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How do chemoautotrophs "eat"?
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By oxidizing inorganic compounds
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What are the distinguishing characteristics of fungi?
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-Non-motile
-Chitinous cell wall -Life cycle contains spores -Filamentous -Unicellular or multicellular depending on part of life cycle -Absorptive mode of nutrition (saprobic) |
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Which phylum of fungi is characterized by flagellated spore and amphibian death in Costa Rica?
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Chytridiomycota
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Which groups make up "algae"? Which are unicellular? Which multicellular?
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Unicellular:
-(Cyanobacteria) -Diatoms -Golden Algae -Euglenoids -Dinoflagellates Multicellular: -"Green Algae" -Red Algae -Brown Algae |
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What structures identify the euglenoid?
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Long flagellum
Pigmented eyespot Pellicle |
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How do chemoautotrophs "eat"?
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By oxidizing inorganic compounds
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What are the distinguishing characteristics of fungi?
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-Non-motile
-Chitinous cell wall -Life cycle contains spores -Filamentous -Unicellular or multicellular depending on part of life cycle -Absorptive mode of nutrition (saprobic) |
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Which phylum of fungi is characterized by flagellated spore and amphibian death in Costa Rica?
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Chytridiomycota
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Which phylum of fungi is associated with moldy food, coenocytic hyphae, and phototropism?
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Zygomycota (moldy food = in the sexual stage of the zygosporangium)
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Arbuscular mycorrhizae (= endomycorrhizae) are associated with which phylum of fungus?
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Glomeromycota
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Yeast, truffles, and 75% of all fungi belong to which phylum?
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Ascomycota
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Puff balls, death cap, and 25% of all fungi belong to which phylum?
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Basidiomycota
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