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288 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Often sticky or feathery summit of the pistil, which receives the pollen
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Stigma
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Grafted or Budded at or near ground level
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Low Worked
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Central Vein or rib of a leaf
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Midrib
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A bulb, especially a Narcissus bulb, which has formed a number of offsets, all of which, however, remain attached, giving the appearance of a single bulb
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Mother bulb
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Part of a compund leaf
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Leaflet
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Portion of stem between 2 nodes or joints
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Internode
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Flowering part of the plant
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Inflorescence
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The parent from which all subsequent stock of a particular variety, clone, cultivator or strain have been derived
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Mother plant
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A plant with new characteristics resulting from a heritable change in the reproductive cells
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Mutant
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An indigenous plant
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Native
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A new plant formed from a short, rooted side-growth, which can be detached from its parent
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Offset
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Persistent and having qualities harmful to other plants
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Pernicious
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Planting in a prepared pit
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Pit planting
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A plant differing from, wrongly placed, or appearing in, a batch of otherwise uniform plants
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Rogue
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The production of plants, by sexual, asexual or vegetative means
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Propagation
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An organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alterations; a plant propagated vegetatively from a bud ____
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Sport
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3 or more flowers or leaves arranged in a ring
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Whorl
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Simple elongated inflorescence with stalked flowers that usually bloom from the bottom up
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Raceme
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The rooted portion of a plant used for propagation by budding or grafting
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Understock
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Of stamens producing food pollen or fruit containing good seeds, or of stems with flowering organs
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Fertile
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Bearing male and female flowers on different plants
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Dioecious
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The clearly defined single, dominant stem at the top of the tree
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Central leader
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Dry, several-celled pod
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Capsule
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Outer part of a flower, the sepals
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Calyx
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A shoot produced by a sudden and permanent change in vegetative cells in a growing point, causing a change of character
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Bud sport
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Trunk of a tree
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Bole
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The use of bottomless containers, or containers with holes in the sides, to arrest root development
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Air pruning
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Of growth, the dominance of the terminal bud to the lateral buds
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Apical dominance
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A plant suitable for short-term display in an ornamental bed
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Bedding plant
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Arrangement of veins
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Venation
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Shaped like an arrowhead
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Sagittate
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Having been grown for one season in a nursery plant bed after propagation
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One year budded
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A state of greatly reduced metabolism in which a plant or part of a plant is alive but not growing
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Dormancy
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The base of an herbaceous perennial where stem and root meet and from which fresh shoots and roots arise
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Crown
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Produced by obtaining a union between a bud from one plant and a rooted portion of another (the stock)
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Budded
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A plant adapted to arid conditions and characterized by fleshy water-storing tissues that act as water reservoirs; juicy flesh, soft and thickened in texture
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Succulent
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Spores or grains contained in the anther, containing the male element
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Pollen
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The operation of severing downward growing plant roots in its original position, to control root development; usually by machine
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Undercutting
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Male organ of a flowering plant comprising filament and anther
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Stamen
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Stalk of a stamen
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Filament
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__ __ generation, the immediate offspring of cross-fertilization. A term used commercially to designate a generation F0 (parent) seed or resulting plants which does not transmit all its desirable characteristics and can be obtained only by a repetition of the cross
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F1
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Remaining green during the winter, having leaves all the year round
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Evergreen
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A rudimentary plant within a seed
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Embryo
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A form of propagation by splitting clumps of a plant, or by separating the rhizomes in a clump
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Division
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Having been transferred at some stage of development (usually prior to transplanting) into a container for purposes of sale, transport or decorative effect
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Containerised
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A plant, which thrives in permanently wet soil
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Bog plant
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Twice pinnate
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Bipinnate
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A plant originally introduced from other areas
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Alien
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A plant, which is indigenous to the zone above the line at which trees cease to flourish and below the limits of perpetual snow (and by extension, a plant that will thrive in simulated ____ conditions)
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Alpine
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A plant, which grows from seed, flowers, fruits, and dies within one year
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Annual
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Pollen-bearing part of the stamen
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Anther
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Produced by budding or grafting
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Worked
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Lying flat on the ground
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Prostrate
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One of the separate segments of a corolla
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Petal
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Stalk of an individual flower in an inflorescence
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Pedicel
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Inversely ovate
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Obovate
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Non-splitting, one-seeded, hard or bony fruit
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Nut
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To gradually accustom seedlings or other plants, which have been growing in a protected environmnet, to more rigorous conditions
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Harden off
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Lance-shaped, widening above the base and long-tapering to the apex
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Lanceolate
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A plant that is indigenous to mountain scree or adaptable to plantig on a site simulating a mountain scree and mainly composed of loose stones
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Scree plant
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Evergreen in its normal habitat but liable to shed some or all of its leaves under rigorous conditions
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Semi-Evergreen
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Normally dense spike or spike-like grouping of flowers along the main stem in which the flowers at the base open first (raceme) of tiny, scaly-bracted flowers or fruits
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Catkin
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Flattened leaf-like stem
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Cladode
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Reclining, the tips ascending
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Decumbent
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A short-lived annual, capable of producing more than one generation in one season
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Ephemeral
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A plant, such as a tropical orchid or a staghorn fern, that grows on another plant upon which it depends for mechanical support but not for nutrients
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Epiphyte
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Small, individual flowers of a dense inflorescence
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Florets
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Shoot at or below the surface of the ground, which produces a new plant at its tip
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Stolon
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With dense, wooly pubescence
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Tomentose
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Simple, elongated inflorescence with sesile flowers
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Spike
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A plant composed of tissues from 2 cytologically different plants
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Graft Chimera
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Whorl of bracts surrounding a flower or flower cluster
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Involucre
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Dense hairy covering
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Indumentum
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Branching raceme
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Panicle
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The wall of a ripened ovary; fruit wall
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Pericarp
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Lying or creeping
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Procumbent
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Wrinkled or rough
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Rugose
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A prostrate thickened stem emitting roots and capable of producing leafy shoots and flowering stems from lateral and terminal buds
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Rhizome
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Minute leaf or bract, or flat gland-like appendages on the surface of a leaf, flower, or shoot
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Scale
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Able to thrive in a given climate all the year round without special protection
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Hardy
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A heather, or plant suitable for growing in the same dry and sandy conditions as heather
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Heath plant
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Portion of older tissue at the base of a young shoot torn or out from its parent
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Heel
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Grafted or budded at the point of the future crotch of standard or half standard tree
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High or Top Worked
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Borne 2 to each node, ___ each other
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Opposite (leaves)
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Broadest at the middle
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Oval
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Bearing flowers in panicles
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Paniculate
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Stalk of a flower cluster or of a solitary flower
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Peduncle
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Petal-like (as in a stamen)
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Petaloid
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Having roots restricted due to confined conditons, and unable to extend resulting in a root mass
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Root bound
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Like a network (as in veins)
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Reticulate
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Spoon-shaped
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Spathulate
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Largest, normally uppermost petal in a pea-flower; tall, clear-stemmed young tree; shrub (often rose) trained in this fashion
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Standard
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Said of a leaf that is not compound or an unbranched inflorescence
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Simple
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Attached without a stalk
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Sessile
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Having a wart-like or nodular surface
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Verrucose
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A plant suitable for growing at the edge of water and tolerant of periodic flooding
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Waterside plant
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Having been established and grown in the ground without protection and not grown in a container or frame
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Open Ground Grow
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Produced by obtaining a union between a shoot (the scion) of one plant and a rooted portion of another (the stock)
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Grafted
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Appendage (normally 2) at the base of some petioles
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Stipule
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Kidney-shaped
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Reniform
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A short stubby lateral branch with short internodes
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Spur
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A young elongated prostrate herbaceous stem producing new plant at nodes
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Runner (2)
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Flattened and having distinct upper and lower surfaces, as most leaves do
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Dorsiventral
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Fork-shaped pattern
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Dichasium
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Flat-topped or dome-shaped flower head with the inner flowers opening first
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Cyme
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Toothed with shallow, rounded teeth; scalloped
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Crenate
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The stage of growth of a seedling at which seed leaves have developed above ground
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Cotyledon Stage
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Modified, usually reduced leaf at the base of a flower-stalk, flower-cluster or shoot
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Bract
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A fire powder-like, waxy deposit
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Bloom
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Expanded part of a leaf or petal
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Blade
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A root, which arises from any part of a plant other than in the normal sequence of growth of the root system
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Adventitious Root
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Producing underground stems; also the shoots from the stock of a grafted plant
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Suckering
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One of the segments of the calyx
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Sepal
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Feather, as the down of a thistle
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Plumose
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Leaf-stalk
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Petiole
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Middle part of the pistil, often elongated between the ovary and the stigma
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Style
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Large teeth and small teeth alternating
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Doubly Serrate
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With the members arising from one point, like fingers
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Digitate
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Toothed with teeth directed outward
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Dentate
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Cone-shaped
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Conical
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The layer of actively dividing cells between bark and wood
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Cambium
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A small immature bulb developed from seed, arising at the base of a parent bulb or in the axil of a leaf
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Bulblet
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Borne singly at each node on opposite sides of the stem
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Alternate (leaves)
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An annual, or a plant commonly treated as an annual, which cannot be grown in the open before the warm season of the year; usually raised from seed under glass for summer display in the open
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Half-Hardy Annual
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Composed in part of wood or hard wood-like tissue
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Woody
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A plant suitable for growing under a degree of shade and drip from trees
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Woodland Plant
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Any plant occurring naturally
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Wilding
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A non-woody plant suitable for growing in shallow water or in saturated soil
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Aquatic Plant
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A woody shoot arising from an underground stem or root; a shoot arising from the understock of a worked plant
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Sucker
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Female organ of a flowering plant comprising ovary, style and stigma
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Pistil
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Blunt (as in apex of leaf or petal)
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Obtuse
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The rooted portion of a plant or a root upon which one or more scions are to be or have been worked
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Rootstock
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Rough to the touch
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Scabrous
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Cut back to ground level annually or less frequently, but regularly
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Stooled
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Undivided and without teeth
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Entire
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Divided into many narrow segments
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Dissected
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Having been individually grown from propagation in a container
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Container Grown
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Cone-bearing (mainly evergreen)
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Coniferous
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Composed of two or more similar parts
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Compound
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Tall and cylindrical or tapering
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Columnar
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Saw toothed
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Serrate
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Star-shaped
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Stellate
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Incapable of producing viable seed
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Sterile
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Twining thread-like appendage
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Tendril
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Subdivision of a perianth that cannot be clearly differentiated into sepal or petal
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Tepal
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A seed tray (or one used for plug production) of standard dimensions
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Tray
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Three-leafed
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Trifoliate
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Flowers in umbels
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Umbellate
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Of one sex
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Unisexual
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A plant growing where it is not intended to be
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Weed
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Flat-topped or dome-shaped flower head with the outer flowers opening first
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Corymb
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Hairless
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Glabrous
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Of leaves in pairs fused at the base whose stem appears to pass through them
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Perfoliate
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A group of plants which by their natural habit of low, close growth are suitable for covering the ground surface and discouraging weeds
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Ground cover
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A flowering plant of which the stem does not become woody and which generally dies to the ground at the end of the season
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Herb
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Long and narrow with nearly parallel margins
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Linear
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A plant capable of adapting itself to growing either in shallow water or in saturated soil
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Marginal plant
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Of trees, fully developed
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Mature
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The main terminal shoot at the apex of a stem or principal branch
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Leader
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A plant produced by layering
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Layer
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On or at the side
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Lateral
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Having origin in a particular locality, district, county or country
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Indigenous
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Sharp and usually deeply and irregularly cut
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Incised
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Having been introduced, and colonized, placed where not indigenous
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Naturalized
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Point on the stem where leaves are attached; the joint
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Node
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Planting by setting a tree's roots in a vertical notch, or group of notches, cut in the soil with a spade or mattock, and specified in I-notch, L-notch, H-notch planting according to the shape of the notch(es)
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Notch planting
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Basal "box" part of the pistil, containing the ovules
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Ovary
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Broadest below the middle
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Ovate
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Lobed or divided in hand-like fashion, usually 5- or 7-lobed
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Palmate
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Hanging, weeping
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Pendulous
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Living for several years
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Perennial
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Calyx and corolla together; also commonly used for a flower in which there is no distinction between corolla and calyx
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Perianth
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Remaining attached
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Persistent
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To cut off all the branches of a tree, leaving only the trunk
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Pollard
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Trailing shoot taking root at the nodes
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Runner (1)
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Prominent vein in leaf
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Rib
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Covered with short, soft hairs, downy
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Pubescent
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The base of a woody plant, which has been cut down to produce new shoots for propagation purposes, ornametal effect or small timber production (coppice)
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Stool
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The part of a plant used to provide the shoot system when grafted upon the rootstock
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Scion
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Having even and adequate branches, spurs, leaf growth and bud formation
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Well-furnished
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Said of fruits, which do not split open at maturity (to release seeds)
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Indehiscent
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With climbing stems
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Scandant
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Roots that are relatively thin, very branched throughout and have ample fine growth
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Fibrous Roots
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With branches erect and close together
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Fastigate
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_ _ generation, arising from the intercrossing or self-fertilization of an F1 generation
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F2
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Widest at or about the middle, narrowing equally at both ends
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Elliptic
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covered with soft hair or ___
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Downy
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With more than the usual number of petals, often with the style and stamens changed to petals
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Double (flowers)
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Shedding all its leaves before the emergence of next season's leaves
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Deciduous
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Inner, normally conspicuous, part of a flower, the petals
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Corolla
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Shaped like a heart
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Cordate
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The position of the main stem or stems of a plant, which coincides with the surface level of the soil
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Collar
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Fringed with hairs
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Ciliate
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New tissue which forms over a wound
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Callus
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A plant that will not tolerate a soil containing free calcium compounds
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Calcifuge
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A plant that thrives in a soil containing free calcium compounds
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Calcicole
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A plant, which grows from seed one year and flowers, fruits and dies the next
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Biennial
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Strictly a pulpy, normally several-seeded, indehiscent fruit
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Berry
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Angle formed by a leaf or lateral branch with the stem, or that formed by a vein with the midrib
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Axil
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Produced in the axil
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Axillary
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Normally flat-topped inflorescence in which the pedicels or peduncles all arise from a common point
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Umbel
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Seed producing plants
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Spermatophytes
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With leaflets arranged on either side of a central stalk
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Pinnate
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Female germ cell in flowering plant
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Ovule
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The main body of the portion above ground of a shrub, tree or other plant
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Stem
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A shrub-like plant, but with woody parts confined to the lower portion of the plant
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Sub-Shrub
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Only able to grow without protection in mild climatic conditions
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Tender
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The main stem of a tree
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Trunk
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A short, thick, usually underground, modified stem, of one year's duration in which food reserves are stored, and which usually has buds (eyes) from which new plants are produced
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Tuber
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In a worked plant, the junction of scion and rootstock
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Union
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Bisexual, having both male and female organs in the same flower
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Hermaphrodite
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Having both male and female organs in the same flower
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Bisexual
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Bearing bisexual and unisexual flowers on the same plant
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Polygamous
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Bearing male and female flowers separately, but on the same plant
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Monoecious
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Flowering Plant
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Angiosperm
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Membrane-bound organelle that is the site of photosynthesis
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Chloroplast
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Pigment in chloroplast needed for photosynthesis
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Chlorophyll
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Dormant underground bud stage of some plants
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Bulb
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Leaves radiating directly from the crown of the root.
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Basal Rosette
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A resinous semisolid mass or viscous liquid exuded form a plant. A "true" ___ is characterized by its high content of benzoic acid, benzoates, cinnamic acid, or cinnamates.
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Balsam
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The husk or membrane covering the seed of a plant
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Aril
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Unicellular organism distinguished from plants by having no true root stem.
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Alga
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Reproductive structure of certain nonflowering plants with overlapping scales or bracts containing pollen, ovules, or spores.
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Cone
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Cone-bearing gymnosperm (any of a group of woody vascular seed plants that produce naked seeds not enclosed in an ovary) usually with narrow, needlelike or small, scale-like leaves.
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Conifer
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Underground stem base that acts as a reproductive structure
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Corm
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Flat-topped or convex cluster of flowers in which the outer flowers open first.
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Corymb
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First or second leaf of a seedling
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Cotyledon
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Waxy layer on the outer surface of plants
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Cuticle
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Angiosperm having 2 seed leaves or cotyledons
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Dicot/ Dicotyledon
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Nonwoody
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Herbaceous
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A plant originating by fertilization of one species or subspecies by another.
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Hybrid
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A fruit consisting of one carpel opening on one side, such as a pea.
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Legume
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Spongy area of bark on a woody plant that allows exchange of gases between the stem and the atmosphere.
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Lenticel
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Fungus in symbiotic union with an alga
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Lichen
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Member of the Pineapple family of plants, usually epiphytic (grows upon another plant) with stiff leathery leaves and spikes of bright flowers.
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Bromeliad
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Any member of the division of nonvascular plants, including mosses and liverworts.
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Bryophyte
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The same botanical species occurring in other forms due to different conditions of growth, such as climate, soil, and altitude.
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Chemotype
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Any of various small, nonseed-bearing vascular plants with conelike, spore-bearing structures on top of stems.
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Club Moss
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Any of the order of gymnosperms intermediate between ferns and palms, often with a thick, columnar trunk crowned by large, tough, pinnate leaves.
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Cycad
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A fleshy fruit, with one or more seeds, each surrounded by a stony layer.
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Drupe
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Nonparasitic plant growing upon another plant for support.
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Epiphyte
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Nonflowering, vascular plant having roots, stems, and fronds (large divided leaf especially of a fern or palm tree) and reprodcuing by spores instead of seeds.
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Fern
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Small flower; one of a number of individual flowers comprising the head of a composite plant.
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Floret
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Leaves of plant or tree.
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Foliage
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Any angiosperm that produces flowers, fruit, and seeds in an enclosed ovary.
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Flowering Plant
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Fern or palm foliage
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Frond
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Mature ovary of a flowering plant, sometimes edible
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Fruit
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Sprout and start to grow from spore or seed.
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Germinate
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Member of the division of seed plants having ovules on open scales, especially cones.
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Gymnosperm
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The central portion of a tree trunk
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Heartwood
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A narrow projection that serves from the top of a leaf sheath in grasses.
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Ligulet
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Organic substance that serves as a binder for cellulose fibers in wood.
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Lignin
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Plant pigment that exerts a wide variety of physiological effects in the human body.
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Flavonoid
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Any of various small, flat bryophytes (nonflowering simple plant), usually on logs, rocks, or soil in most areas.
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Liverwort
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Any of various small, non-seed bearing vascular plants with conelike, spore-bearing structures on top of stems.
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Lycopod/ Club Moss
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Multicellular filamentous fungus
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Mold
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An angiosperm having only one seed leaf
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Monocotyledon/ Cotyledon
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Any various small bryophytes without true stems reprodcuing by spores and growing in velvety clusters in moist areas on rocks, trees, and the ground.
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Moss
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Mass of threadlike tubes forming the vegetative parts of a fungus.
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Mycelium
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Close symbiosis (close association of 2 dissimilar organisms) between the mycelia (relating to channel system) of certain fungi and the root cells of some vascular plants.
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Mycorrhiza
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Plant bryophyte nut dry, single-seeded fruit of various trees and shrubs consisting of kernel enclosed in hard or tough shell.
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Nonvascular
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Organ of a plant that secretes nectar
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Nectary
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A natural exudation from trees and plants that consists mainly of essential oil, gum, and resin.
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Oleo Gum Resin
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A natural resinous exudation from plants; an aromatic liquid preparation extracted from botanical matter using solvents.
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Oleoresin
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Egg-shaped
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Ovate
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Chloroplast-containing cell just below the surface of a leaf.
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Palisade Cell
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With 3 or more leaflets nerves, or lobes radiating from a central point.
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Palmate
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Loose, diversely branching flower clusters
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Panicle
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The calyx in a composite (being in a large family of flowering plants) flower having feathery hairs, scales, or bristles (short stiff coarse hair).
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Pappus
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Soft tissue forming the chief substance of leaves and roots, fruit pulp, and the center of stems.
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Parenchyma
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A leaf that appears to be perforated (to pierce) by the stem.
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Perfoliate
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Production of organic substances from carbon dioxide and water in green-plant cells, which chemically transform the energy of sunlight.
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Photosynthesis
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A plant compound that exerts estrogen-like effects
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Phytoestrogen
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A plant substance that mimics the action of human hormones.
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Phytohormone
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Vessel enclosing one or more seeds
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Pod
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An identifiable piece of plant lodged as a specimen at an official herbarium. This is incorporated as a perminant archival specimen for future reference and research. Archival herbaria aim for their specimens to last 400 years.
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Voucher Specimen
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Any plant, such as an angiosperm, gymnosperm, and fern, in which the xylem (woody tissue of a plant for upward nutrient transport) and phloem (plant tissue that carries dissolved food material and functions in support and storage that's external to xylem) conduct water and organic nutrients.
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Vascular Plant
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Nonvascular plant body without clear differentiation into stems, leaves, or roots.
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Thallus
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Deep main root from which lateral roots develop.
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Taproot
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An inflorescence in which flowers bloom along the entire length of a single stalk.
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Spike
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A modified, leaflike structure surrounding a spadix (a floral spike with a fleshy or succulent axis).
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Spathe
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A thick, fleshy flower spike usually enveloped by a spathe.
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Spadix
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A term applied to the peculiar seedpod structure of plants in the Mustard Family.
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Silique
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Fertilized plant ovule containing the embryo, capable of germinating to produce a new plant.
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Seed
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Leaves that are closely arranged in a spiral.
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Rosette
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The underground part of a plant that functions in absorption, aeration, and food storage and as a support system.
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Root
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Upper part of the stem from which the floral parts arise.
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Receptacle
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The straplike, often sterile flowers, commonly called petals, surrounding the flower head of a plant in the composite family.
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Rays (Ray Flowers)
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