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183 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What kind of Climate does Bordeaux have?
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Maritime
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About how many acres of vineyards does all of bordeaux have?
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300,000 acres
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Due to its size, what kind of soil does bordeaux have?
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considerably varied soils
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What are the wine producing estates called?
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Chateau's
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Approximately how many Chateau's are in Bordeaux?
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7000
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Who is the largest producer of AOC wines in France?
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Bordeaux
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What is Bordeaux known for?
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its Cur Classe wines
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What is the largest AOC?
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Bordeaux Rouge
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What kind of wines are produced in Bordeaux?
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red, white, rose, still or sparkling, sweet.
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What kind of wines has Bordeaux built its reputation on?
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Exceptional reds and sweet whites
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Since what time in history has Bordeaux been producing wine?
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Since the fourth century
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When was the Medoc created? and how was it created?
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In the seventh century, the current region of the medoc was drained and vines planted where all the Medoc Premier Grand Cru Vineyards are now situated
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When was the Medoc and Sauternes regions classified?
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1855
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What are the two main markets for Bordeaux wines?
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Medoc and Sauternes
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What are the best quality wines from the region?
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produced from blends of grapes
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How many red varietals are allowed for AOC wines? White?
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14 red
3 white |
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What are the main Red grape varietals for bordeaux?
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Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc, Merlot Malbec (Cot) Petit Verdot |
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What of the 5 main red grape varietals are the major varietals?
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Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc Merlot |
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What is the best know grape varietal for Bordeaux? What is the most widely planted?
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Cabernet is the most well known, though merlot is the most widely planted.
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What are the 3 white grape varietals?
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Sauvignon Blanc, Semillion and Muscadelle
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In English speaking countries, what are Bordeaux blends known as?
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Clarets
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What are the white wines of Bordeaux referred to in english speaking countries?
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Bordeaux Blanc or White Bordeaux
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If a wine is bottled at the chateau, what is on the label?
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"mis en bouteille au chateau"
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For red bordeaux, after fermentation the wine is run off into vats which are made from what in tops chateau?
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Stainless Steel
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After the red bordeaux is has been in a stainless steel vat, where does it go next?
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into casks called barriques (225 L)
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What are the barriques made from?
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French Limousin oak
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Generally, about how many of the barriques are made from new french oak?
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20-50%
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When the grape must is placed in barriques, what is significant about the blend?
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The different must of different vineyards is kept separate when its placed into the Barriques
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In the next few months when the wine is in the barriques, what happens to the wine?
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the wine continues a very slow fermentation in the "Chai" or "Barrel hall" and completes a malolactic fermentation.
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Where are the barriques kept?
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In the barrel hall or "chai"
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What is a "Chai"?
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Barrel hall
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After the wine is in the barriques, what happens?
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It is racked off into cleaned casks every three months.
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What does the oak barrel offer to the wine?
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the impart an oaky bouquet and flavor to the wine, they allow a small amount of oxygenation of the wine to take place (which is a small part of the wine making process)
A small amount of wood tannin is also imparted. |
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When is the wine blended?
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During the stage where the wine is placed into cleaned casks. This is called assemblage.
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What is Assemblage?
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The period which the wine is blended
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How long is the wine in the first "Chai"?
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1 year
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What happens to the wine after its 1st year in the "chai"?
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It is moved to the second year "chai" or part of the "chai" where it completes its oak maturation.
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How many stories is a "chai"?
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single story, used for storing barriques.
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When does a red bordeaux get bottled?
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after 2 years
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When is a red bordeaux ready to drink?
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After proper maturation in the bottle, this can very depending on the vintage, wine, and treatment of the bottle during its aging.
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Where do the most famous sweet white Bordeaux come from?
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Sauternes and Barsac
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Which of the whites undergo oak maturation?
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Only the top whites sweet and dry
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Are white bordeaux sweet or dry?
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both, depending on where in bordeaux they are from
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Does bordeaux make rose?
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yes
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How many regions make rose in Bordeaux?
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Due to increasing popularity and sales, all regions in Bordeaux now make Rose wines.
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Name the top quality districts of Bordeaux
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Medoc, Graves, Sauternes, Barsac, St-Emilion, Pomerol.
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Name all the other districts which are not considered top quality
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Cerons,
Premiere Cotes de Bordeaux, St. Croix du Mont, Cadillac, Loupiac, Entre-Deux-Mers, Ste-Foy-Bordeaux, Graves de Vayres, Lalande de Pomerol, Fronsac Cotes de Bourg |
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Where is the Medoc located?
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Left bank of the Gironde
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What is the Medoc's two sub-divisions?
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Medoc
Haut-Medoc |
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What is the soil of the Medoc?
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Mainly gravelly, with some clay limestone
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What type of wines come of out the Medoc?
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Only reds
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The Haut-Medoc produces all the top wines of this district. What is the dominant grape?
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Cabernet Sauvignon
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How many communes are in the Haut-Medoc?
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16
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What are the top 6 of the 16 communes in the Haut-Medoc?
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Pauillac
Margaux St-Estephe St-Julien Moulis Listrac |
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What are the blends of the 16 communes made from?
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2 or more of:
Cab Sauv Merlot Petite Verdot Malbec Cab Franc Carmenere |
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What is the top grape of the Medoc? Who is a close second?
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Cab is top
Merlot is close second |
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What 3 grapes must be present and are referred to as a "Bordeaux Blend" ?
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Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot Cab Franc |
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What is the main cause in the difference in the wines?
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The soil
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Which soils produce the best wines in Bordeaux?
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the best come from well-drained soil with plenty of stones in it. Close to the Gironde.
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How long is the wine usually in a barrel?
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1 1/2 - 2 years. Then its fined, and bottled.
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In good years, top chateau wines will improve in the bottle for how long?
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20 years or more...
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According to BJ, Bordeaux carry what characteristics?
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High tannin level, strong flavor and good acid content, which will mellow over the maturation period.
The bouquet of the wine is often said to resemble blackcurrants, cassis, cedar wood, pencil shavings and often a wet leaf or wet soil character. |
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How long before the wines of the medoc released for drinking?
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5 years
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Who requested the 1855 classification of Bordeaux?
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Napoleon 111
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How many chateau's were classified in the 1855 classification?
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61
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What is the proper name for a growth?
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Cru Classe
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How many growths?
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5 cru classe
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How were the wines graded into growths?
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The wines were graded into the five growths on the basis of the prices they had achieved during the previous few years.
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When was the only change to the 1855 classification?
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1973, Chateau Mouton-Rothschild
From Deuxieme Cru to Premier Cru |
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Other wines of Bordeaux which were not classified by the 1855 classification are categorized by what classification?
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Cru Bourgeois
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When was Cru Bourgeois established?
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1932
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When was the Cru Bourgeois classification of 1932 updated?
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2003
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How many chateau were classified by Cru Bourgeois during the update of 2003?
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247 chateau
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What are the 3 grades with-in the Cru Bourgeois classification?
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Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel
Cru Bourgeois Superieurs Cru Bourgeois |
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How many chateau are under each classification in Cru Bourgeois?
Superieurs? Exceptionnel? |
151 Cru Bourgeois
87 Cru Bourgeois Superieurs 9 Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel |
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How many chateau were left out of the classification?
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200
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What happened to the Update of Cru Bourgeois in 2003?
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The update caused considerable controversy and this new classification was annulled by a Bordeaux court in 2007, so the region has now reverted to the 1932 classification of 444 Chateau
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How many chateau were part of the original classification of Cru Bourgeois on 1932?
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444 chateau
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What classification is a grade lower than Cru Bourgeois?
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Cru Artisan
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When was Cru Artisan created?
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in the 19th century
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What happened to the Cru Artisan up until 2005?
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It feel into disuse, but was re-established from the 2005 vintage and is now a legal classification of 44 chateau
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How many chateau are classified by the Cru Artisan in 2005?
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44
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Where do the second wines of the chateau come from?
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Usually from areas of the vineyard which are less good, from vines which have not reached full maturity and from wines rejected at the assemblage. Selection of the grapes for these wines will vary according to the vintage.
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What is the second wine for Chateau Latour?
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Les Forts de Latour
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What is the second wine for Chateau Lafite-Rothschild?
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Carruades de Lafite
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What is the second wine for Chateau Haut-Brion?
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Chateau Bahans Haut-Brion
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What is the second wine for Chateau Margaux?
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Pavillon Rouge Du Chateau Margaux
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What is the second wine for Chateau Rauzan-Segla?
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Segla
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Where is graves located?
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The region is situated east and south of the town of Bordeaux extending south up the River Garonne to just south of Langon and encompassing the AOC's of Cerons, Barsac and Sauternes.
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What is the soil of Graves?
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The soil is gravelly, hence the name, with some sand and clay.
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When were the wines of Graves classified?
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1953
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What are the 2 classifications of Graves in 1953?
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Cru Classes Rouge
Cru Classes Blanc |
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When was the Classification of Graves (1953) modified?
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1959
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How many chateau were classified in 1959 in Graves?
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15 chateaux were classified, 6 for red and white wines, 7 for red only, and 2 for white only.
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Where do most of the best reds of Graves come from?
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the north
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What new AC was established in 1987?
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Pessac/Leognan
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What is included in Pessac/Leognan?
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Includes all the 1959 classified growths and covers 25% of the Graves area taking in 10 communes.
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What is the finest red Graves?
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Chateau Haut-Brion
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When was Haut-Brion classified?
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1855 Bordeaux classification
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What % of the wine from Graves is red?
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75%
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Does BJ think the wines of Graves are slightly sweeter or drier than the wines of Medoc?
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Slightly drier
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Does Graves produce sweet white?
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yes
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What is the name for the small amount of sweet wine that comes from the Graves area?
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AC Graves Superieur
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What are the area's of Sauternes and Barsac famous for?
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Producing some of the worlds greatest sweet white wines
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What makes the best grapes of Sauternes unique?
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Noble Rot
or Botrytis cinerea |
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What is noble rot?
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Botrytis Cinerea or pourriture noble
This is a minute fungoid growth which causes the grapes to shrivel up, reducing the water content and thus increasing the % of sugar, imparting a honeyed bouquet to the finished wine. |
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What are the grape varietals used?
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Sauvignon Blanc
Semillon Muscadelle |
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What % of the vines are Semillon?
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8%
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Which grape is most likely to be attacked by noble rot?
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Semillon
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What causes the Botrytis Cinerea phenomenon?
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Caused by the soil, geography, the river ciron and the topography of the region, creating a unique microclimate perfectly suited to attracting and managing this noble rot.
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What is great about the area which aids to the creation of noble rot?
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The location attracts morning mists caused by the humidity generated by the river Ciron and the nearby pine forests.
In the warm afternoon the mists are blown away by dry winds which dry the grapes off and prevent grey rot from developing. |
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What does the Botrytis do to the grape?
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it causes the grapes to shrivel up like raisins, concentrating the sugars and allowing water in the grapes to evaporate.
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How do the best Chateau of Sauternes pick their grapes?
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Hand selected in "tries"
A trie is one pass through the vineyard for picking grapes over a number of weeks. Of course this leaves the grapes open to destruction by the onset of bad weather. |
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What is the greatest Chateau in Sauternes?
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Ch. d'Yquem
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How many weeks is average for Ch. d'Yquem to complete their tries?
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6-8 weeks
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What is the must weight at harvest for Ch. d'Yquem?
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360 g/L, which is equivalent to 150 degrees Oechsle or 35 degrees Brix
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How many glasses of wine does each vine produce at Chateau d'Yquem?
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1 glass!!!....
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Does Chateau d'Yquem produce wine every year?
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no... when the weather is too difficult none will be made.
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What happens when with the grapes not used by ch. d'Yquem?
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they are sold to negociants for blending.
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What is the most popular chateau to use chateau d'Yquems grapes to make a still wine?
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Chateau Ygrec
a dry white wine Sold under the Bordeaux Superieur AC |
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What are the five communes in the district of Sauternes/Barsac AC?
5 |
Sauternes
Fargues Bommes Preignac Barsac |
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What are the wines of Barsac commune sold under?
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It can be either AC Barsac or Sauternes
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What are the wines of Barsac like?
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they are like Sauternes, they are luscious and sweet with a tremendous concentration of flavour and color.
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What is the min. abv% for these's AC's? (Barsac and Sauternes)
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13%
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How long are the best sauternes kept in barrel?
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3 years
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How long are the best sauternes aged for in bottle usually?
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30-40 years
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How must Sauternes be kept/stored?
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They must be kept away from light and in cool surroundings
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What happens when bottles of sauternes aren't properly stored?
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They become oxidized or maderiezed
i.e. become slightly bitter, like madeira. |
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How did the 1855 classification grade the area of Sauternes?
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The 1855 classification graded the top chateaux into three growths.
Chateau d'Yquem was graded alone as the Premier Grand Cru, Premier Cru Superieur (or first great growth) |
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How many other chateau made it into the status of Premier Cru Superieur?
Second growths? |
First - 11
Second - 13 |
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Where is Cerons AC situated?
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Cerons is situated between Graves and Sauternes
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What is Cerons AC known for?
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Reasonably priced sweet wines
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What are the wines of Cerons AC like?
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They are similar in style to Sauternes and include some botrytised grapes.
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What commune is Cerons AC a part of?
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It is a commune of Graves
(But it has its own AOC for its sweet wines) |
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What are the dry red and white wines of Cerons AC sold under?
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Graves AOC
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Where is St. Emilion AC located?
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On the Right bank of the Dordogne
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What kind of soils make up St. Emilion AC?
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Soils include clay-limestone and sandy gravel of over iron pan, limestone and sand. (that word for word out of the book...)
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What is the one unique soil that makes up Ch. Cheval Blanc and Ch. Figeac?
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There is more gravel in these area's than others in St. Emilion
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How big is St. Emilion?
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it has 13,600 acres (5,500 ha) planted to vines compared to the medocs 13000 acres (4900 ha)
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What kind of wines are produced in the area of St. Emilion?
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Superb red wines.
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What are the wines of St. Emilion a blend of?
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Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon and a small quantity of Malbec.
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What is the Predominant grape of St. Emilion?
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Merlot, followed by Cab Franc
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What kind of wine does the merlot grape produce in the St. Emilion area?
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The merlot grape produces a softer wine, which will mature quicker than the Cabernets, so these wines are usually expected to be ready for drinking a little earlier than their counterparts in the Medoc.
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How many communes are entitled to use the St. Emilion AC?
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8 communes
and there are a further 4 that can add St-Emilion to their names |
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What is it called when a commune is allowed to use an appellation that it is not a part of on the label?
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Satellite Appellations
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Name the 4 "satellite appellations" of St. Emilion
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Montagne
Lussac Puisseguin St-Georges |
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When were the 4 "satellite appellations" of St-Emilion classified?
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An order was passed to classify these wines in 1954, though the first Classifications didn't take place till 1955.
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When was the classification of St-Emilion completed?
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1958
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What are the three categories that were established in 1955 by the 1954 classification of St-Emilion?
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Premier Grand Cru Classe (Premier Grand Cru Classe is subdivided into categories A and B)
Grand Cru Classe Grand Cru |
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How many times has the 1955 classification of St-Emilion be revised?
List the years. |
4 times.
1969 1985 1996 2006 |
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How was the revision of the 1955 classification of St-Emilion in 2006 similar to the Bourgeois Cru classification?
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The St-Emilion 2006 classification was declared void by a French court in 2007. The wines produced before 2006 will still bear the categories on the label.
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What are the 2 top Chateau in St-Emilion?
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Ch. Ausone
Ch. Cheval Blanc |
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What are the unclassified wines of St-Emilion labeled as?
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Unclassified wines of AC quality are sold as AC St-Emilion
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What is the co-operative for the region (St-Emilion)?
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The Union des Producteurs de St-Emilion
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Where is Pomerol AC located?
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Adjacent to St-Emilion
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What is the smallest wine producing area in Bordeaux?
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Pomerol
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What are the soil contents of Pomerol AC?
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sandy/gravel and clay
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What do Ch. Cheval Blanc and Ch. Petrus have in common?
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They are located on the same deposite of gravel
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What kinds of wines does Pomerol AC produce?
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only reds
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What other area in Bordeaux does Pomerol simulate?
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ST-Emilion
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What is the most widely grown varietal in Pomerol?
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merlot, follow second by cab franc with a very small amount of cabernet sauvignon grown.
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What is the most important grape in Pomerol?
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merlot
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What percent or more does Merlot represent in a Pomerol blend?
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80% or more
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What are the classifications for Pomerol AC?
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there are none.
Petrus is considered the best followed by Le Pin, Lafleur Petrus, Lafleur, Vielle Chateau Certan de May de Certan, Conseillante, L'Eglise-Clinet, Latour a Pomerol and L'Evangile. |
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Where is Lalande-de-Pomerol AC located?
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This district is larger than Pomerol and is situated to the north of its better known neighbor.
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What are the communes of Lalande-de-Pomerol AC?
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Lalande-de-Pomerol and Neac.
These reds are good without reaching the quality of Pomerol. |
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What kinds of wines are produced in Fronsac and Canon Fronsac AC's?
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Fruity reds in the style of Pomerol and St-Emilion.
The primary grape is Merlot blended with Cab Franc and a little Cab Sauv and Malbec. |
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What kinds of wines are produced in Bourg AC?
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Avg.- Good quality red and white wines.
Best known for its reds made mainly from Merlot, with Cab franc, Cab Sauv and Malbec. |
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Where are the districts of Ste-Croix-du-Mont, Loupiac and Cadillac AC's located?
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These 3 districts are across the Garonne from Sauternes and Barsac.
They produce similar but lesser quality sweet white wines. These usually contain some botrytized grapes. |
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Cadillac AC also produces reds, what are these reds sold under?
|
Premiers Cotes de Bordeaux AOC
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What new appellation is responsible for reducing the total number of Bordeaux AC's to 54?
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Cotes de Bordeaux AC
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What regions are now a part of Cotes de Bordeaux AC?
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Blaye, Premier Cotes de Bordeaux, Cotes de Franc and Cotes de Castillon
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What does the old region of Blaye specialize in?
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Dry white wines made from Ugni Blanc and Sauv Blanc grapes
The reds are produced from a blend of Bordeaux red varietals. |
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Where exactly is the old region of Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux located?
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Its a long, narrow district following the northern bank of the Garonne.
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What style of wines are produced and in what area of Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux?
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Red wines are produced in the north (nowhere near the quality of those produced in the Medoc), Medium-dry to dry wines in the centre, and sweet white wines in the south opposite to Cerons, Barsac and Sauternes.
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Where does the previous region of Ste-Foy-Bordeaux rest?
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It was very small and was situated on the extremity of the Bordeaux appellation boundary in the northeastern corner of Entre-Deux-Mers Bordering Bergerac.
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What kind of wine does Ste-Foy-Bordeaux produce?
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it produces sweet and dry white wines and an equal amount of red wine from the Bordeaux Varitetals.
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Where is Graves de Vayes located?
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in the north of Entre-Deux-Mers immediately opposite the Cotes de Fronsac and St-Emilion.
a very small area but produces some good quality reds and whites from the bordeaux vartieties |
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Entre-Deux-Mers AC, what is significant about this AC?
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This is the most extensive district of Bordeaux
It produces a large quantity of ordinary quality wines |
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What are the white wines of Entre-Deux-Mers AC made from?
Labeled as? |
Made from mainly Sauv Blanc
Labeled as Entre-Deux-Mers AOC |
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What are the red wines from Entre-Deux-Mers AC made from?
Labeled as? |
Cab Sauv, Merlot and Cab franc
Sold as AOC Bordeaux |
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Where is Cotes de Bordeaux-St-Macaire AC situated?
What kind of wine does this area produce? |
in the south of the Entre-deux-Mers
a small amount of sweet white wines |
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What other label may the generic wines of Bordeaux be sold under?
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Vin de Pays de l'Atlantique
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