Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
select agents
|
legal term in US law
- defines human, animal, plant pathogens & biological toxins declared by US dept. of HHS & dept. of Ag to have potential to pose severe threat to public health & safety regulates labs which possess, use, or transfer select agents within US - adminstered by CDC - based upon priority, classified as category A, B, C |
|
|
category A
|
highest priority
easily disseminated/transmitted high mortality; potential for major public health impact cause public panic & social disruption requires special action for public health preparedness |
|
|
category A agents include
|
bacillus anthracis: anthrax
yersinia pestis: plague francisella tularensis:tularemia clostridium botulinum toxin: botulism smallpox virus hemorrhagic fever viruses: ebola |
|
|
Cat B
|
2nd highest priority
many common to less common bacteria,viruses, toxins brucella & shigella |
|
|
cat C
|
3rd highest priority
emerging pathogens |
|
|
Tier 1
|
similar to cat A + burkholderia
high potential for mass casualty |
|
|
Bacillus anthracis general
|
gram + spore forming rod
|
|
|
Anthrax epidemiology
|
herbivores : woolsorters disease
soil: cells = poor survival ; spores = survive decades |
|
|
Anthrax virulence
|
plasmid encoded antiphagocytic poly-D glutamic acid
plasmid encoded exotoxins |
|
|
anthrax exotoxins
|
protective antigen: PA
- binding edema factor: EF - edema, inhibition of phagocytosis lethal factor:LF - necrosis, hypoxia, apoptosis, cytokine production, inflammation EF & LF are the active portions sites bind toxin & 7 PA's bind then EF/LF (combo of 3) can bind PA; endocytosis and acidification causesCC of PA & excretion of toxic factors into cell |
|
|
Antrax clinical types
|
cutaneous: common ; low mortality
- localized ; no septicemia GI: Rare inhalational - BT delivery of spores - not communicable - initially flu like - mediastinal widening - septicemia & death (3-7 days) won't see in US germinate in lung & release toxins |
|
|
Anthrax dx
|
culture
gram stain biochemical PCR ELISA DFA colonies: medusa head (snake like) grows on blood agar; doesn't stick great tho |
|
|
Anthrax therapy
|
DOC: cipro or tetracycline
pen g or other anti-microbial would prob work |
|
|
plague
|
yersinia pestis
gram - family enterobacteriaceae: same as e. coli black death in europe - western US, esp 4 corner areas (New mexico, Utah, CO, AZ) |
|
|
Plague epidemiology
|
sylvatic: dead animal ; in US ; presents as bubonic ; 1 person infected ; groound squirrel fleas
urban: not in US ; emerging countries like India; more than 1 person infected spread by rats |
|
|
plague clinical types
|
bubonic
pneumonic |
|
|
bubonic plague
|
flea bite - fever, etc - LN's - bulboes (enlarged, infected LN) - capillaries (leaks) - death (black)
no person to person 1-7 day incubation after flea bite |
|
|
pneumonic plague
|
inhalation; starts as sylvatic or urban
systemic spread to lungs - coughing, aerosol shorter incubation (1-4 days) - bloody sputum - death person to person high mortality |
|
|
plague treatment
|
DOC: streptomycin
but usually doxycycline in US |
|
|
plague prevention
|
insect repellant
pre-exposure antimicrobials droplet precautions (pneumonic) |
|
|
Tularemia
|
francisella tularensis
gram - aerobic coccobacillus fac ic parasite about 10 cells to initiate infection |
|
|
tularemia epidemiology
|
zoonotic
- many diff animals (mammals; most common rabbit fever) , birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, arthropods (ticks, deer flies) - aerosol (BT), food/water |
|
|
tularemia clinical types
|
1. ulceroglandular
2. glandular: no skin ulcers 3. oculoglandular 4. oropharyngeal & gastrointestinal 5. pneumonic (pulmonary) 6. typhoidal |
|
|
ulceroglandular tularemia
|
most common form 75-85%
skin : scratch or abrasion or insect: deer fly or tick bite skin ulcer at site of infection swollen, painful lymph glands, fever, chills, headache, exhaustion |
|
|
oculoglandular tularemia
|
conjunctiva
eye pain/redness/swelling/discharge ulcer on inside of eyelid |
|
|
oropharyngeal & astrointestinal tularemia
|
digestive tract
fever pharyngitis mouth ulcers vomiting diarrhea |
|
|
pneumonict tularemia
|
inhalational
cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, resp failure, death most likely mode of transmission for intentional release by bioterrorists |
|
|
typhoidal tularemia
|
consequence of any type of primary exposure leading to septicemia
high fever, extreme exhaustion, vomiting & diarrhea, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, pneumonia |
|
|
tularemia as BT agent
|
inhalation or ingestion
flu like symptoms no person to person transmission (like anthrax) high fatality: short incubation, resp failure |
|
|
tularemia lab dx
|
requires confirmation by PCR by nearest lab response network reference laboratory: NPHL
|
|
|
tularemia treatment
|
DOC : gentamicin + tetracycline
|
|
|
botulism as BT agent
|
probably aerosolized, but food/water also
|
|
|
BT agents include
|
anthrax
plague tularemia botulism burkholderia mallei & B. pseudomallei |
