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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of RNA are the 3 different polymerases associated with?
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polymerase 1 - makes rRNA
polymerase 2 - makes mRNA polymerase 3 - makes tRNA |
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What is the function of primase?
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RNA polymerase that copies parental strand and makes RNA primer
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What is the difference between delta and alpha DNA polyermases?
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delta - produces leading strand, has helicase activity, no proofreading, no exonuclease activity
alpha - produces lagging strand, has primase activity |
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What is made from the different germ layers (ecto, meso, endo)?
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ecto - CNS, PNS, sensory organs, skin
meso - muscles, vertebral column, conn tissue, lymphatic tissues, blood endo - epithelium of GI, liver, pancreas, thymus, thyroid |
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What remnants are left by the umbilical arteries, urachus, umbilical vein, ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus, yolk sac?
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UA - medial umbilical ligaments
urachus - median umbilical ligament UV - round ligament DV - venous ligament DA - ligamentum arteriosus YS - Meckel's diverticulum |
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What muscles are formed by the 4 branchial arches?
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1 - muscles of mastication
2 - muscles of facial expression 3 - stylopharyngeal muscle 4 - pharyngeal muscles |
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What is derived from the 3 and 4 pharyngeal pouches?
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3 - ventral - thymus, dorsal - inferior parathyroids
4 - dorsal - superior parathyroids |
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What is the wolff duct? Muller?
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W - mesonephric duct - forms epididymis and vas deferens in males
M - paramesonephric duct - forms fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina down to the hymen in females |
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What skull hole does each CN move through?
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CN 2 (optic) - optic canal
CN 3,4,5 (ophthalmic), 6 - superior orbital fissure cN 5 (maxillary) - foramen rotundum CN 5 (mandibular) - foramen ovale CN 9, 10, 11 - jugular foramen CN 12 - hypoglossal canal CN 7, 8 - internal auditory meatus |
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What are the 6 eye muscles and their function
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medial rectus - medial - CN 3
lateral rectus - lateral - CN 6 superior rectus - up and nasal, rotates medially - CN 3 inferior oblique - up and lateral, rotates laterally - CN 3 inferior rectus - down and medial, rotates laterally - CN 3 superior oblique - down and lateral, rotates medial - CN 4 |
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Which muscles cause constriction, dilation of the eye?
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constriction - miosis - sphincter pupilla - parasympathetic
dilation - mydriasis - dilator pupillae - sympathetic |
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What are the muscles of the tongue?
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genioglossus - pulls out tongue
styloglossus - pulls tongue in and up hyoglossus - pulls tongue down all 3 innervated by hypoglossal (12) - damage results in deviation towards the damaged side |
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Which muscles of mastication are responsible for opening the mandible? Closing?
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open - later pterygoid, digastric, geniohyoid
close - masseter*, medial pterygoid, temporalis |
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What are the muscles of the layrnx?
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post. cricoarytenoid - opens glottis - recurrent N
lateral cricoarytenoid - closes glottis - recurrent N thyroarytenoid - relaxes vocal chords - recurretn N cricothyroid - tightens vocal chords - superior laryngeal N |
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What causes scapula winging?
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damage to the long thoracic nerve - causing paralysis of the anterior serratus - medial border of the scapula stands out
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hat muscles connect the scapula to the trunk? humerus to the scapula?
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1 - trap, pec minor, levator scapulae, thomboid major/minor, serratus anterior
2 - deltoid, supraspinatus, subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres major/minor, coracobrachialis |
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What is seen in the different brachial plexus injuries?
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upper brachial (C5) - arm hangs in medial rotation (waiters tip)
posterior cord (C7) - radial nerve injury - wrist drop lower brachial (C8-T1) - ulnar nerve injury - claw hand |
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What can be the result of a humerus fracture?
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radial nerve injury - wrist drop/ loss of triceps reflex - sensory loss to posterior arm, dorsal hand
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What are the main muscles involved in elbow flexion/extenion and pronation/supination?
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flex - biceps - musculocutaneous nerve
extend - triceps - radial sup - biceps pro - pronator teres - median nerve |
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What are the muscles flexing the wrist and fingers?
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flexor carpi radialis - flexes, abducts wrist
palmaris longus - flexes wrist flexor digitorum superficialis - flexes wrist and medial 4 digits at middle phalanx flexor carpi ulnaris - flexes and adducts wrist flexor pollicis longus - flexes thumb flexor digitorum profundus - flexes wrist and medial 4 digits at distal phalanx |
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What is the difference in the meidan and ulnar nerves?
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M - to forearm flexors of wrist and fingers + 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus. to the 3 thenar muscles. to lumbricals of 2nd/3rd digits
U - to flexor caripi ulnaris + 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus. to all intrinsic hand muscles aside from those supplied by median nerve |
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What are the motions of the hip and the muscles that do each?
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external rotation - glut max - inf gluteal n
internal rotation - glut med/min - sup gluteal n ext - glut max flex - iliopsoas - femoral n aBd - glut med aDd - adductor magnus/mini - obturator n |
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what are the meidal thigh muscles? anterior?
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medial - pectineus, aDductor brevis, aDductor longus, aDductor magnus, gracilis
anterior - sartorius, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis |
