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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the largest virus? smalles?
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E.Coli
parvoviridae |
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What diseases come from Parvo and papova families
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Parvo - B19 virus - erythema infectiosum (slapped cheek appearance)
Papova: Papilloma - genital warts - cervix carcinoma JC - leukoencephalopathy (immunocomp) |
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What is the difference between HSV1 and HSV2
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HSV1 - mainly oral herpes - latency rests in trigeminal ganglion
HSV2 - mainly genital herpes - rests in sacral dorsal root ganglion |
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What are the different viruses associated with Picorna family?
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Rhino - common cold
Echo - meningitis, URI, diarrhea Hep A Polio - paralysis Coxsackie A - herpangina, hand/foot/mout Coxcackie B - myocarditis, Bornholm |
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What is Arbo Viruses?
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ARthropod BOrne
cause seasonal disease transmitted by insects (arthropods). Reservoir are birds and small mammals. |
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What are prions?
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infectious proteins
can be transmitted to other species by inoculation of infected brain tissue are not transmitted by body secretions are not inactivated by formalin |
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What are the two main groups of retroviruses?
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Oncoviruses - HTLV1 - adult T cell leukemia
Lentiviruses - HIV1/2 - AIDS |
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What are the 3 major genes of HIV?
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env: gp41 (cell fusion), gp120 (binds CD4)
gag: core capsid protein: p24 pol: reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease |
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What are the different examples of fungi?
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molds - aspergillus (farmers lung)
Dimorphic - histoplasma (pulmonary infection), blastomyces (RTI), coccidioides (desert rheumatism) yeasts - candida (thrush, vaginitis), cryptococcus (pneumo, meningitis) |
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What is the 2 types of fungi reproduction?
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sexual (spores) - 2 cells fuse, diploid cell divides by meiosis
asexual (conidia) - haploid cell divides by mitosis (like bacteria) |
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What are the different types of fungal diseases?
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cutaneous - dermatophytosis (ringworm), tinea versicolor
subq - mycetoma, sporotrichosis systemic - coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis opportunistic - cryptococcosis, candidiasis, aspergillosis |
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What is the cycle for malaria?
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1) sporozoites are introduced into blood
2) exo-erythrocytic phase: sporozoites differentiate into merozoites 3) merozoites settle in liver (latent forms called hypnozoites) 4) liver release merozoites 5) merozoites infect RBC 6) ring-shaped trophozoite matures, forms multinucleated schizonts 7) RBC releases 10-20 new merozoites or gametocytes |
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What is the most severe form of malaria?
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Falciparum - fever peak every 48 hours. life threatening.
no trophozoites/schizonts found in blood banana shaped gametocytes |
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What are the latent infections of tissue protozoa?
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Pneumocystis jirovecii - a fungus. Common in AIDS pts. sudden onset fever, dyspnea, tachypnea
Toxoplasma gondii - GI tract of cats. Cat feces, undercooked meat. severe congenital defects if pregnant. cysts - invade gut wall - muscles, brain |
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What are some intestinal protozoa?
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entamoeba histolytica - bloody, mucus, diarrhea. liver abscess
giardia lamblia (most common) - excystation in duodenum. non-bloody, foul smelling diarrhea Cryptosporidium - severe diarrhea in immunocompromised. |
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What is Trichomonas?
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STD
male - asymptomatic or non-purulent urethritis female - foul smelling, watery, green discharge |
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What are the different blood flukes?
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Schistosoma mansoni - veins of colon
S. Japonicum - small intestine S. Hematobium - urinary bladder |
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What are the different tissue flukes?
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clonorichis sinensis - raw fish - settles in liver (bile stones, bile obstruction, bile duct carcinoma)
paragonimus - raw crab meat - settles in the lung (eosinophilic inflammation) |
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What are the 2 different types of T. solium (tapeworm)?
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1) from pork - ingested form is larvae - settles in intestine
2) from human feces - ingest form are eggs - settles in brain and eyes |
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What are tapeworm?
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long and flat and consists of a chain of box-like segments called proglottids. Head has suckers and sometimes hooks. Maturation of the worm occurs from the anterior to the posterior end where fresh eggs are released.
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What round are transmitted by insect bite?
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Wuchereria - microfilae found in blood. adult worm lives in lymph nodes. lymph obstruction
onchocerca - "river blindness" - microfilariae in subq tissue and eye. |
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What is the organ location of some key biochemical reactions?
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fatty acid synthesis - liver, fat cells
gluconeogenesis - liver, kidneys heme synthesis - bone marrow AA synthesis - liver urea synthesis - liver cholesterol synthesis - liver |
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What is the difference between competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors?
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C - binds at same site as substrate
N - binds at different site from substrate. |
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What are the different amino acids?
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acidic - aspartate, glutamate
basic - histidine, lysine, arginine essential - valine, leucin, isoleucine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, methionine, lysine, arginine, histidine, threonine ketogenic - leucine, lysine keto/glucogenic - isoleucine, threonine, tryptophan, phenylalanine |
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What are the products of tyrosine, tryptophan, glutamate, glycine, histidine?
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tyrosine - dopa, dopamine, NE, epi, T3/4, melanin
trypto - 5-HT (sertotonin), melatonin, niacin glut - GABA gly - porphyrin, heme, creatine hist - histamine |
