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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What makes a positive AIDS test?
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+HIV test is necessary
AND 1)<200 CD4 T cells/uL or 2)AIDS-defining opportunisitc infection or 3)AIDS-associated malignancies or 4)HIV-complicating infections |
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What are the tests for bleeding disorders and what to they test?
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Bleeding Time - test platelet function
PT (prothrombin) - tests extrinsic and common pathways (5,7,2,1) - clotting factors PTT (partial thromboplastin) - tests intrinsic and common pathways (all factors but 7/8) - clot factors TT (thrombin time) - common pathway (factors 2,1) - clot factors |
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What is the differences between Von Willebrand, Hemophilia A/B?
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VWD - deficient VWF - dysfunctional clotting factors and platelets - autosomal dominant - increased PTT and bleeding time
HA - lack factor 8 - x linked - increased PTT, normal PT/BT HB - lack factor 9 - x linked - increased PTT, normal PT/BT |
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What factors are non functional in Vitamin K deficiency?
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2,7,9,10
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What is the difference between idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)?
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ITP - disorder of decreased platelet numbers - petechiae, purpura, mucosal bleeding - increased bleeding time
TTP - disorder marked by spontaneous platelet aggregation with resulting systemic platelet clot formation and consumption of platelets - ischemic organ damage |
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What is G6PD deficiency
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x linked recessive; more common in blacks
RBC is very sensitive to oxidative damage in G6PD deficiency RBC lysis occurs upon exposure to excess radicals. Most common enzymopathy |
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What causes Sickle Cell?
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single amino acid substitution (valine for glutamate) in the beta globin chain (at the 6th amino acid position), so that it is more prone to crystallization under certain conditions (less than optimal oxygenation of hemoglobin)
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What are the risk factors for warm/cold agglutinin diseases?
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warm - drugs (methyldopa, dopa, PCN, cephs), Malignancies (lymphoma, leukemia), SLE - warmer areas of the body
cold - mycoplasma penumonia, mononucleosis, lymphoma, 50% idiopathic - colder areas of the body |
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What is megaloblastic anemia?
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due to defective DNA synthesis
Findings: leukopenia, hypersegmented neutrophils, thrombocytopenia Big, immature RBC |
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What is Fanoconi Anemia?
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inability to remove O2 radicals from bone marrow
autosomal recessive microcephaly, cafe-au-lait spots, small/absent thumbs, deformed or absent radius bones, recurrent aplastic anemia (BM failure), HIGH risk of leukemia or lymphoma |
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What is neutropenia? Causes?
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low number of neutrophils
decreased production - BM disease, chemo, HIV1, drugs affecting BM, Vit B12/Folate deficiency increased destruction - Felty's syndrome |
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What are the different types of leukocytosis (high # WBC)?
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Neutrocytosis - high neutrophils - acute inflammation/infection, bacterial infections, certain cancers, leukemia for neutrophils
eosinophils - increased eosinophils - type 1 hypersens., helminthic infection lymphocytosis - increased lymphocytes - granulomatous dx, viral infections, pertussis monocytosis - increased monocytes - granulomatous dx , infectious mono |
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What are the types of leukemias?
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ALL - most common malignancy of children. overabundance of lymphoblasts. Causes lymphadenopathy and impaired BM.
AML - peaks 15-39. Impairs BM function. Auer rods are seen in myeloblasts CML - peak 30-40, insidious onset. Impairs BM function. Philadelphia chromosome (9:22 chromosomal translocation bcr-abl fusion gene). Low LAP - shows not metabolically active CLL - >50 y/o; males more. Mature lymphocytes. causes lympadenopathy and impaired BM function. Sezary syndrome (leukemic component of mycosis fungoides) Hairy Cell - middle aged white males. hepatomegaly and splenomegaly (main sign). involves only B cells (hair like projections). impairs BM. + TRAP and CD25 markers present. |
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What are the types of Lymphomas?
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Hodgkins - leukocytosis of PMNs, + Reed-Sternberg cells, contiguous spread, nodal involvement, higher RS cells - poor prognosis
Non-hodgkins - widespread adenopathy, hyperCa, hepatoslenomegaly, viral etiology, bcl-2, spreads to multiple nodes, neutrocytosis |
