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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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insulin is used in what patient populations
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1) Type 2 diabetes when oral meds and diet are not effective in maintaining normoglycemia
2) hospitalized pts who have transient periods of hyperglycemia (one time use) 3) all type 1 diabetics |
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What is the diagnostic criteria for diabetes?
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fasting serum glucose equal to or greater than 126 mg/dL
OR random serum glucose level equal to or greater than 2000 mg/dL with symptoms OR serum glucose level equal to or greater than 200 mg/dL 2 hours after 75 gram oral glucose load OR HbA1C equal to or greater than 6.5% must be confirmed with a 2nd test |
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What is a major SE of Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone?
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new onset heart failure
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What are incretins?
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hormones (glucagon like peptide 1 and gastric inhibitory protein) that are released by the GI cells after a meal and that work to increase insulin release from beta islet cells , to decrease the rate of gastric emptying, and to inhibit glucagon release from pancreatic alpha cells.
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What is the most common inherited hyperlipidemia?
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Type 4 - 45%
due to the overproduction of VLDL in association with glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia. autosomal dominant |
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What is the most common type of hypercholesterolemia?
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Polygenic hypercholesterolemia
due to a combo of genetic and environmental influences on one's ability to metabolize cholesterol |
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What are the diagnostic criteria for hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia?
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tri - serum triglyceride level excess of 150 mg/dL - most treatment is geared towards diet - fibric acid agents are DOC
chol - assess pts risk factors. cigs, HPTN, FMHx CHD, age, and low HDL 0-1 risks goal is less than 160 mg/dL 2+ risks goal is less than 130mg/dL those with heart diseases below 100 mg/dL |
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What are the lifestyle modifications?
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low fat, low cholesterol diet rich in vegetables, plus exercise and maintenance of an optimum weight
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What is the MOA of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
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decrease the initial rate-limiting step of cholesterol synthesis. This decreases the pool of intracellular cholesterol, increasing the need for exogenous cholesterol. This causes an increased uptake of serum LDL which leads to less cholesterol in the blood.
Also good for lowering BP and reducing inflammation |
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What is H2 blockers MOA?
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block the H2 receptor, inhibiting the effects of histamine - specifically on the parietal cells.
long term relief - promote healing of ulcers, to prevent future ulcers, to prevent acute stress ulcers, and to treat GERD |
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What is the MOA for proton pump inhibitors?
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directly inhibit the proton pump, thereby inhibiting the release of hydrogen ion into the stomach lumen.
Indirectly increase gastric bacterial load |
