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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is clopidogre's MOA and what is it used for?
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inhibits the ADP-mediated platelet aggregation process - powerful platelet aggregation inhibitor.
Patients who receive stents be prescribed clopidogrel. Med used for the prophylaxis of MI and cerebrovascular accidents for patients at risk. |
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What factors does heparin inhibit? Warfarin?
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heparin - 9, 10, 11, 12 - binds to antithrombin 3 and enhances its activity
warfarin - antagonizes Vit K-dependent factors 2, 7, 9 , 10 |
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What is made when fibrin (1a) mixes with plasmin?
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FDPs - fibrin degradation products (d-dimer)
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What are thrombolytics used for?
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Pulmonary embolus, DVT, acute MI, arterial thrombosis, occluded access shunts
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What is the MOA of class 1 antiarrhythmics?
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Na channel blockers
decrease the upstroke of Na entry during depolarization - decreasing the cardiac action potential amplitude may also prolong the action potential Decrease in conduction velo in injured tissues - minimizing arrhythmias |
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What are the MOA for Class 2, 3, and 4 antiarrhythmics?
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2 - beta-1 antagonists - decrease sympathetic tone of the heart
3 - K channel blockers - block K outflow during repolarization - action potential duration is increased as phase 3 depolarization is prolonged. Phase 0 is unchanged. AP is prolonged - controlling the arrhythmia 4 - Ca channel blocker - slow Ca conduction in tissues highly dependent on conduction (AV node) and slow phase 4 - prolonging AP. Causes a decrease of inward current carried by calcium - phase 2 plateau is lost |
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How do Beta1 agonists work to increase cardiac muscle contraction?
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activate adenyl cyclase which comverts AMP to cAMP - activates protein kinase.
Protein kinase works to phosphorylate Ca channels - permit increased Ca into cells to increase force of contraction |
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What effect do PDE inhibitors have on cAMP?
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PDE normally converts cAMP to AMP. PDE inhibitors block this effect, increasing cAMP in the cell.
Prolongs protein kinase - more Ca increases intracellulary - increasing contraction |
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What are the 4 criteria for asthma?
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step 1 (intermittent) - less than 1 day symptom a week. less than/equal to 2 night symptoms a month. PEF/FEV1 >80%
2 (mild persistent) - more than 1 day symptom a week but less than 1 a day. >2x month night symptoms. PEF/FEV1 >80% 3/4 (moderate persistent) - daily day symptoms. more than 1 per week night symptoms. PEF/FEV1 60-80% 5/6 (severe persistent) - continuous day symptoms. frequent night symptoms. PEF/FEV1 <60% |
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What are the drug regimens for the 4 different categories of asthma?
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intermittent - SABA as needed. Ipratropium (anticholinergic) can be added.
mild persistent - inhaled glucocorticoid PLUS standard treatment for intermittent; inhaled cromolyn OR LABA OR leukotriene inhibitors for adjunct therapy Moderate persistent - inhaled glucocorticoid PLUS LABA PLUS standard intermittent severe persistent - inhaled glucocorticoid PLUS LABA PLUS oral glucocorticoid +/- omalizumab PLUS standard intermittent |
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What is corticosteroids MOA to treat asthma?
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anti inflammatory
decrease activation of macrophages, eosinophils, and Tcells reverse mucosal edema, decrease capillary permeability and inhibit release of leukotrienes and prostaglandins via inhibition of phospholipase A2. |
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What is status asthmaticus and its treatment?
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severe, unrelenting exacerbation of asthma that is unresponsive to standard bronchodilator therapy. evelops severe dyspnea, cyanosis, and anxiety. Resp acid occurs secondary to profound CO2 retention.
IV corticosteroid (methylprednisolone) also, immediateSABA as continuous nebulizer, subQ epi or terbutaline, ipratropium, and O2. |
