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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Opening and then closing of the Na+ channels
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Depolarization phase in the generation of an action potential
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All voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels are closed.
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The resting state of a neuron
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Opening of potassium gates and the rushing in of K+
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The repolarization phase in an action potential
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The sodium channels remain opened
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The absolute refractory period
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Increased potassium efflux as a result of sluggish closure of the potassium gates
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The phase in action potential known as the "after hyperpolarization"
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Multiple sclerosis
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The autoimmune disease that leads to destruction of the myelin sheaths in the CNS.
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Saltatory conduction
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The unique propagation process which occurs in myelinated axons
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The all-or-none phenomenon
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The situation where an action potential either happens completely or not at all
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G-protein -linked receptors
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Indirect synaptic responses which are complex, prolonged and often diffuse, as a result of the production of intracellular second messenger molecules
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Reflexes
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Rapid automatic responses to a stimulus in which the particular stimulus always produces the same motor response
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Somatic nervous system
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Conducts impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles
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Autonomic nervous system
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Conducts impulses from CNS to internal organ muscles
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Central nervous system
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Consists of brain and spinal cord
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Peripheral nervous system
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Consists of nerves carrying impulses to and from brain and spinal cord
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Presynaptic calcium influx
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Triggers neurotransmitter release
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Synaptic cleft
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Separates presynaptic terminal from postsynaptic membrane
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Receptor/channel
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Triggers voltage change in postsynaptic neuron
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Neurotransmitter
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Binds to postsynaptic receptor/channel
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Acetylcholine
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Excites skeletal muscle
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Norepinephrine
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Main neurotransmitter of sympathetic nervous system
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Dopamine
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"Feel good" transmitter, deficient in Parkinson's disease
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Serotonin
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"Mood" transmitter, target of Prozac to relieve depression
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GABA
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Generally inhibitory, found throughout CNS
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Endorphins
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Peptides with inhibitory, opiate-like actions
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Resting membrane level
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-70 mV
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Na+ concentration outside cell
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150 mM
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K+ concentration outside cell
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5 mM
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Protein concentration inside cell
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150 mM
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