Bones Of The Axial Skeleton

Front 1

206

Back 1

Bones in adult human skeleton

Front 2

Axial skeleton

Back 2

80 bones; skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, thoracic cage

Front 3

Appendicular skeleton

Back 3

126 bones; upper limbs, lower limbs, pelvic girdle, pectoral girdle

Front 4

Skull

Back 4

Cranial bones, facial bones, ear ossicles

Front 5

Vertebral column

Back 5

Vertebrae

Front 6

Thoracic cage

Back 6

Sternum and ribs

Front 7

Fissure

Back 7

Narrow slit in bone

Front 8

Foramen

Back 8

Opening or hole

Front 9

Fossa

Back 9

Shallow depression

Front 10

Groove

Back 10

Identation within a bone

Front 11

Meatus

Back 11

Tubelike opening

Front 12

Notch

Back 12

Indentation at the edge of a bone

Front 13

Sinus

Back 13

Cavity within a bone

Front 14

Crest

Back 14

Prominent ridge

Front 15

Condyle

Back 15

Smooth, rounded process

Front 16

Epicondyle

Back 16

Above a condyle

Front 17

Facet

Back 17

Smooth, flat surface

Front 18

Head

Back 18

Rounded projection

Front 19

Line

Back 19

Long, narrow ridge

Front 20

Process

Back 20

Any projection

Front 21

Ramus

Back 21

A small branch

Front 22

Trochanter

Back 22

Very large projection

Front 23

Tubercle

Back 23

Small, rounded projection

Front 24

Tuberosity

Back 24

Large, roughened projection

Front 25

Vertebral column

Back 25

Cervical curvature, thoracic curvature, lumbar curvature, sacral curvature, coccyx

Front 26

Cervical curvature

Back 26

Concave; 7 vertebrae, c1-c7

Front 27

Thoracic curvature

Back 27

Convex; 12 vertebrae, T1-T12; contains: intervertebral discs, intervertebral foramen, spinous process, transverse processes

Front 28

Lumbar curvature

Back 28

Concave; 5 vertebrae, L1-L5

Front 29

Sacral curvature

Back 29

Convex; 5 fused vertebrae sacrum

Front 30

Coccyx

Back 30

4 fused vertebrae

Front 31

Body

Back 31

Discoid shaped anterior region

Front 32

Vertebral arch - posterior region

Back 32

Pedicle and lamina

Front 33

Pedicle

Back 33

Short bony posterior projection

Front 34

Lamina

Back 34

Flattened plates that articulate posteriorly into spinous process

Front 35

Vertebral foramina

Back 35

Opening between body and vertebral arch through which spinal cord passes

Front 36

Spinous process

Back 36

Midline posterior projection

Front 37

Transverse process

Back 37

Project laterally from pedicle

Front 38

Atlas bone

Back 38

No body, no spinous process, ring of bone, anterior and posterior arches, articular facets, superior and inferior articular facet

Front 39

Axis bone

Back 39

Has body like other vertebrae, has bifurcated spinous process, has dens

Front 40

Thoracic vertebrae

Back 40

Increase in size from first to last, articulate with ribs, body is heart shaped, demifacets (receive head of ribs), vertebral foramen is circular, spinous process is long and points shapely downward, transverse process have facets that articulate with tubercles of ribs

Front 41

Lumbar vertebrae

Back 41

Large body for weight bearing, pedicles and lamina are short, spinous process short and hatchet-shaped, vertebral foramen is triangular

Front 42

Sacrum

Back 42

Triangle shaped, superior articular processes, (anterior has transverse lines, ala, sacral promontory and ventral sacral foramina) (posterior has median sacral crest, dorsal sacral foramina, lateral sacral crests, and sacral hiatus)

Front 43

Bones of the thoracic cavity

Back 43

Thoracic vertebrae (dorsally), ribs (laterally), sternum (anteriorly), costal cartilages hold ribs to sternum

Front 44

Bones of the sternum

Back 44

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Front 45

Ribs

Back 45

12 pairs, true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs

Front 46

True ribs

Back 46

1-7, attach directly to sternum by individual costal cartilages

Front 47

False ribs

Back 47

8-12, attach indirectly or lack attachment to sternum

Front 48

Floating ribs

Back 48

11-12, no anterior attachments