Bones And Skeletal Tissues

Front 1

Functions of Bones

Back 1

1. Support
2. Movement
3. Storage of minerals and growth factors
4. Protection
5. Formation of blood cells

Front 2

Sesamoid Bones

Back 2

A subset of short bones which form in a tendon to alter the direction of tendon pull

Front 3

Name four types of Bones

Back 3

1. Long
2. Flat
3. Short
4. Irregular

Front 4

Lamella

Back 4

the mineralized matrix of the bone

composed of hydroxyapatite

Front 5

Lacuna

Back 5

small cavities in the bone which contain osteoclasts

Front 6

Canaleculus

Back 6

conect the osteoclast-containing lacuna to the Haversian canal

Front 7

Haversian canal

Back 7

In bones, the central canal through which blood and nerves flow

Front 8

Volkman's canals

Back 8

Canals in bones which are perpendicular to Haversian canals

Front 9

Endochondrial Ossification

Back 9

bone formation from hyaline cartilage to bone

Front 10

Epiphesial Plate

Back 10

site of bone growth, situated between the diaphysis and epiphysis

Front 11

List the steps of Endochondrial Ossification

Back 11

1. Form bone along outside of hyaline cartilage
2. Cavitation of hyaline cartilage in diaphysis
3. Invasion of center by peristeal bud and spongy bone formation.
4. Formation of medullary canal.
5. Ossification of epiphesial plates

Front 12

Perichondrium

Back 12

dense, irregular connective tissue surrounding bones

acts like a girdle to resist outward expansion of cartilage with compression

vascular

Front 13

Articular Cartilage

Back 13

hyaline cartilage covering the ends of bones w/ movable joints

Front 14

Trabeculae

Back 14

projections of bones

Front 15

Diaphysis

Back 15

the long portion of bones

Front 16

Epiphysis

Back 16

the ends of bones

Front 17

Distal Epiphysis

Back 17

Epiphysis of bones closer to extremity

Front 18

Proximal Epiphysis

Back 18

Epiphysis of bone closer to head/torso

Front 19

Medullary cavity

Back 19

the central, hollow portion of bones

stores yellow marrow containing fat

Front 20

Yellow marrow

Back 20

in medullary canal, stores fat

Front 21

Nutrient Foramen

Back 21

Cavities in the bone which allows blood vessels and nerves to enter

Front 22

Name the two mechanisms by which bone may be remodeled

Back 22

1. Hormonal action of calcitonin (add Ca++ to bone) and PTH (removes Ca++ from bone)
2. Mechanical stress

Front 23

Calcitonin

Back 23

When Ca++ levels are high in sera, calcitonin will be made by the thyroid

triggers the deposition of Ca++ onto bone

Front 24

Parathyroid Hormone

Back 24

When Ca++ levels are low in sera, PTH will be made by the parathyroid

triggers release of Ca++ from bone into sera

Front 25

Wolfe's Law

Back 25

bone grows in response to force/stress placed upon it

eg: long bones are thickest in the middle

Front 26

Steps in healing Bone Fracture

Back 26

1. Hematoma formation
2. Fibrocartilagenous callus formation: capillaries will grow into the soft callus and fibroblasts produce collagen. Spongy tissue formed.
3. Bony callus formation
4. Bone remodeling

Front 27

Elaborate on the occurances of fibrocartiage callus formation in response to bone fracture repair:

Back 27

The soft callus will have capillaries grow into it, bringing nutrients with the blood.

Fibroblasts will secrete collagen into the area to mend the broken space between bones. Soem turn into chondroblasts to secrete CT martix.

Spongy bone begins to form.

Front 28

Ricketts Disease

Back 28

Spongy, irregularly flexible bones

More sever in children

Caused by poor Ca++ or Vitamin D deficiency

aka: Osteomalacia

Front 29

Osteoporosis

Back 29

Weak, thin bones, generally brittle

Poor hydroxyapatit deposition on bones resulting in low bone mass

Common in older women

Front 30

Paget's Disease

Back 30

Excessive and haphazard bone deposition and resorption

Thicker bones than normal.

High ratio of spongy bone to compact bone.