Bones And Skeletal Tissue

Front 1

A layer of dense connective tissue - acts like a girdle to resist outward expansion when the cartilage is compressed - (around the cartilage)

Back 1

Perichondrium

Front 2

-Most abundant skeletal cartilage
-provides support, flexibility and resilience

Back 2

Hyaline

Front 3

Type of hyaline cartilage
-covers the ends of most bones at moveable joints

Back 3

Articular

Front 4

Connects ribs to the sternum

Back 4

Costal

Front 5

forms the skeleton of the larynx and reinforces other respiratory passageways

Back 5

Respiratory

Front 6

Supports the external nose

Back 6

Nasal Cartilage

Front 7

Similar to hyaline but contains elastic fibers
-found in ear and epiglotis

Back 7

Elastic Cartilage

Front 8

Highly compressed with great tensile strength
-Contains collagen fibers
-found in menisci of the knee and in intervertebral disc between two pelvic bones

Back 8

Fibrocartilage

Front 9

Cells in the perichondrium secrete matrix against the external face of existing cartilage

Back 9

Appositional

Front 10

Lacunae-bound chondrocytes inside the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix, expanding the cartilage from within

Back 10

Interstitial

Front 11

Bones of the skull, vertebral column and rib cage

Back 11

Axial Skeleton

Front 12

Bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder and hip

Back 12

Appendicular Skeleton

Front 13

Considerably longer than wide
Has a shaft plus two ends
All limb bones except patella, wrist, and ankle bone are these.

Back 13

Long bones

Front 14

These are roughly cube shaped. Examples are wrist and ankles

Back 14

Short bones

Front 15

Thin, flattened and usually a bit curved. The sternum, scapulae, ribs and most skull bones are these.

Back 15

Flat bones

Front 16

Heve complicated shapes that fit no other classes. Examples: vertebrae and hip bones

Back 16

Irrregular bones

Front 17

List 5 functions of bones
(Sam, Patty, Maggie, Mary, Barbara)

Back 17

Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral Storage, Blood cell formation

Front 18

Bulges, depressions, and holes serve as - sited of attachment for muscles, ligaments and tendons - joint surfaces - conduits for blood vessels and nerves

Back 18

Bone Markings

Front 19

Sites of muscle and ligament attachment

Back 19

Projections

Front 20

Muscle and ligament projections : (Tim calls Tom late to eat savory pizza)

Back 20

Tuberosity - rounded projection
Crest- narrow prominet ridge
Trochanter-large, blunt
irregular surface
Line - narrow ridge of bone
Tubercle - small rounded
projection
Epicondyle- raised area
above a condyle
Spine- sharp, slender
projection
Process-any bony prominence

Front 21

Projections that help to form joints ( Harry faces Cathy's rage.)

Back 21

Head - bony expans. on
narrow neck
Facet - smooth, nearly flat
articular surface
Condyle-rounded articular
projec.
Ramus - armlike bar of bone

Front 22

Depressions and openings
(Mary sells fake gadgets for Freddy)

Back 22

Meatus- canal-like passageway
Sinus-cavity within a bone
Fossa- shallow, basinlike
depression
Groove - furrow
Fissure -narrow, slitlike
opening
Foramen - round or oval
opening through a bone

Front 23

Dense outer layer looks smooth and solid to naked eye.

Back 23

Compact Bone

Front 24

A honeycomb of small needle-like or flat pieces called trabeculae (little beams)

Back 24

Spongy Bone

Front 25

Marrow cavity - Contains fat (yellow marrow) Called yellow bone marrow cavity

Back 25

Medullary Cavity

Front 26

Tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue around the outer surface of the bone

Back 26

Periosteum

Front 27

Lay down the ground substance that creates new bone. Bone builders

Back 27

Osteoblasts

Front 28

Maintains matrix by breaking down bone. Bone destroyers

Back 28

Osteoclasts

Front 29

Secures the periosteum to underlying bone

Back 29

Sharpey's Fibers

Front 30

A layer in an osteon of bone matrix

Back 30

Lamella

Front 31

Central core running through the center of each osteon

Back 31

Haversian Canal

Front 32

Canals that lie at right angles to the long axis of the bone, connecting the vascular and nerve supplies of the periosteum to the cental canal

Back 32

Volkmann's canal

Front 33

Internal bone surfaces covered with delicate connec tissue membrane - covers the trabeculae and lines canals of compact bone

Back 33

Endosteum

Front 34

The spongy bone of a flat bone

Back 34

diploe

Front 35

Fill the gaps between osteons

Back 35

interstitial lamallae

Front 36

Just deep to the periosteum - extends around the entire circmference of the diaphysis- resists twisting of bone

Back 36

Circumferential lamellae

Front 37

Osteoblasts- bone forming
Osteocytes- mature bone cells
Osteoclasts-cells that destroy
Osteoid- unmineralized matrix made of proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and collegan

Back 37

Organic components of bone

Front 38

Hydroxyapatities, or mineral salts, 65% of bone by mass - mainly calcium phosphates - responsible bone hardness

Back 38

Inorganic components of bone

Front 39

the process of bone tissue formation- form embryo skel. - bone growth until adult - bone thickness remodeling, repair

Back 39

Osteogenesis & ossification

Front 40

bone develops from a fibrous membrane- flat bones of skull and clavical

Back 40

Intramembranous ossification

Front 41

Uses hyaline cart "bones" as models for bone constr- requires breakdown of hyaline cart.

Back 41

Endochondral ossification

Front 42

bone formed by intramembranous ossification

Back 42

membrane bone