Bones

Front 1

osteology

Back 1

the study of bones

Front 2

short bones

Back 2

cube shaped bone

Hint 2

carpel, small tarsel bones

Front 3

flat bones

Back 3

two plates of compact bone, seperated by cancellous bone

Hint 3

some bones of skull, ribs

Front 4

irregular bones

Back 4

complex and irregularly shaped bone

Hint 4

vertabrea, certain facial bones

Front 5

sesamoid bones

Back 5

small bone embedded in a tendon

Hint 5

patella, proximal and distal sesamoid bones

Front 6

long bone

Back 6

bone longer than wide

Hint 6

humerus, radius, femur, tibia

Front 7

diaphysis

Back 7

the long shaft of a long bone

Front 8

epiphysis

Back 8

the two enlarged ends of long bone

Front 9

metaphysis

Back 9

joint joining point of the diaphysis and the epiphysis in a growing bone

Hint 9

long bone

Front 10

periosteum

Back 10

the fibrous covering around the bone that is not covered by articular cartilage

Front 11

medullary cavity

Back 11

the space in the diaphysis containing the marrow

Front 12

endosteum

Back 12

the fiberous and cellular tissue lining the medullary cavity

Front 13

apophysis

Back 13

any outgrowth of a bone

Front 14

cortex

Back 14

compact bone surrounding the medullary cavity

Front 15

epiphyseal cartilage

Back 15

the plate of cartilage between the diaphysis and epiphyses of immature long bone

Hint 15

where lengthening takes place

Front 16

endochondreal ossification

Back 16

formation of long bones in the fetus by transforming a cartilaginous model into bone

Front 17

compact bone

Back 17

gross term for the part of bone that looks solid

Front 18

cancellous bone

Back 18

gross term for bone with visible spaces in it

Front 19

woven bone

Back 19

histological name for immature bone that has been laid down but not organized by remodeling

Front 20

haversian bone

Back 20

histological term for adult bone that has been remodeled

Front 21

condyle

Back 21

large articular prominence

Hint 21

skull, humerous, femur, and tibia

Front 22

cotyloid cavity

Back 22

deep articular depression

Hint 22

acetabulum of the hip joint

Front 23

crest

Back 23

prominent border or ridge

Hint 23

crest of hipbone

Front 24

epicondyle

Back 24

prominence just proximal to a condyle

Hint 24

lateral epicondyle of the humerous or femur

Front 25

facet

Back 25

smooth flat surface, covered with hyaline cartilage

Hint 25

thoracic vertabra for attachment to a rib

Front 26

fissure

Back 26

a narrow cleft-like opening between adjacent bones

Front 27

foreman

Back 27

an opening through a bone

Hint 27

infraorbital foreman, obturator foreman, foreman magnum

Front 28

fossa

Back 28

small hallow

Hint 28

mandibular fossa, olecranon and radial fossae of the humerous

Front 29

fovea

Back 29

shallow nonarticular depression

Hint 29

fovea capitis on the head of the femur

Front 30

groove

Back 30

long narrow furrow accommodating a vessel, nerve, or tendon

Front 31

head

Back 31

rounded articular process

Hint 31

head of femur or humerus

Front 32

line

Back 32

a ridge less prominent than a crest

Front 33

meatus

Back 33

tube-like canal through a bone

Front 34

notch

Back 34

a depression at edge of a bone

Hint 34

notch of the tibia or ulna

Front 35

spine

Back 35

sharp slender process

Hint 35

spine of a vertebra

Front 36

trochanter

Back 36

large blunt process found only on the femur

Front 37

trochlea

Back 37

pully shaped structure

Front 38

tubercle

Back 38

small rounded process

Front 39

tuberosity or tuber

Back 39

large usually roughened process

Front 40

axial skeleton

Back 40

bones and cartilages protecting the soft structures of the head, neck, and trunk

Front 41

apeendicular skeleton

Back 41

bones of the limbs and the bones connecting the limbs to the axial skeleton

Front 42

visceral or splanchnic skeleton

Back 42

consists of bones that develop in the viscera or soft structures such as the os penis in carnivores and the ossa cordis in the ox and sheep

Front 43

simple joint

Back 43

articulations with 2 bones articulating

Front 44

compound joint

Back 44

articulations with more than 2 bones articulating

Front 45

fibrous joint

Back 45

articulations united by fibrous tissue allowing little or no movement

Front 46

example of fibrous joint

Back 46

sutures, synostosis

Front 47

cartilaginous joint

Back 47

articulation united by fibrocartilage, hyaline cartilage or both, slightly movable or immovable

Front 48

examples of cartilaginous joint

Back 48

pelvic symphysis, mandibular symphysis

Front 49

synovial joint

Back 49

articulation united by synovial joint capsule, freely moveable

Front 50

example of synovial joint

Back 50

should and elbow joint

Front 51

immovable joint

Back 51

synarthosis, fixed tight union allowing little or no movement and having great strength

Front 52

examples of immovable joint

Back 52

suture between facial bones

Front 53

suture

Back 53

a fibrous joint between skull bones

Front 54

hyaline cartilage joint

Back 54

synchondrosis, immovable, temporary joint of hyaline cartilage

Front 55

examples of hyaline cartilage joint

Back 55

cartilaginous epiphyseal plate uniting diaphysis and epiphyses

Front 56

slightly movable joint

Back 56

amphiarthrosis, connected by either connective tissure or fibrocartilage

Front 57

examples of slightly movable joint

Back 57

between vertebral bodies

Front 58

freely movable joint

Back 58

diarthosis, synovial joint

Front 59

plane joint

Back 59

multiaxial, flat articular surface, simple gliding or sliding motion, tarsal, carpals

Front 60

ball-and-socket joint

Back 60

multiaxial, head fitting into pit or socket shoulder & hip joint

Front 61

hinge joint

Back 61

unaxial, right agle movement, elbow joint

Front 62

pivot joint

Back 62

uniaxial, allows rotation round longitudinal axis, atlanto-axial joint

Front 63

condylar joint

Back 63

formed by 2 condyler of 1 bone into concavities of another bone, femorotibial joint

Front 64

ellipoidal joint

Back 64

radiocarpel joint

Front 65

saddle joint

Back 65

distal interphalangeal joint

Front 66

flexion

Back 66

decrease in angle

Front 67

extension

Back 67

increase of angel

Front 68

temporomandibular

Back 68

condylar joint between mandibular fossa of temporal and mandible

Front 69

atlanto-occipital

Back 69

condylar joint, occipital condyles and cranial articulation surfaces of atlas

Front 70

atlanto-axial

Back 70

pivot joint, between dens and cranial articular surface of atlas and axis

Front 71

shoulder joint

Back 71

scapulohumoral, ball-and-socket joint, between glenoid cavity of scapula and humeral head

Front 72

elbow joint

Back 72

humeroradiohumoral, hinge joint

Front 73

carpal joint

Back 73

hinge joint, has 3 main joints, antebrachiocarpal, middle carpal, and carpometacarpal

Front 74

antebrachiocarpal joint

Back 74

between distal radius, ulna and proximal row of caral bones, alot of movement

Front 75

middle carpal joint

Back 75

between 2 rows of carpal bones lot of movement

Front 76

carpometacarpal joint

Back 76

between distal row of carpal bones and metacarpal bones, little movement

Front 77

collateral ligaments

Back 77

stabilize stifle medially and laterally

Front 78

metacarpalphalangeal joint

Back 78

between metacarpal bones and proximal phalanges, hinge joint, also called fetlock joint in hourses

Front 79

proximal interphalangeal joint

Back 79

between proximal and middle phalanges also called pastern joint in horses

Front 80

distal interphalangeal joint

Back 80

saddle joint, between middle and distal phalanges, also called coffin bone in horses

Front 81

sacroiliac joint

Back 81

between wings of sacrum and ilium, combined cartilaginous and synovial joint

Front 82

pelvic symphysis

Back 82

slightly immovable joint, between 2 hip bones (os coxae)

Front 83

hip joint

Back 83

coxofemoral articulation, ball-and-socket between head of femur and acetabulum

Front 84

stifle joint

Back 84

femorotibial joint, condylar joint acts like a hinge joint, known as knee in humans

Front 85

medial collateral ligament

Back 85

strong stabilizing band on the medial side of stifle, fuses with joint capsule and the medial meniscus

Front 86

hock

Back 86

tarsus, compound hinge like carpal joint

Front 87

tarsocrural joint

Back 87

articulation between proximal row of tarsal bones and tibia and fibula

Front 88

proximal intertarsal joint

Back 88

articulation between proximal row (talus and calcaneus) and central and 4th tarsal bones

Front 89

distal intertarsal joint

Back 89

articulation between central tarsal and tarsal bones 1, 2 and 3

Front 90

tarsalmetatarsal joint

Back 90

articulation between distal row of tarsal bones and metatarsal bones 1 and 5

Front 91

nuchal ligament

Back 91

massive ligament, supports head, runs from nuchal crest to spinous process of thoracic vertebrae

Front 92

round ligament

Back 92

hold head of femur in acetabulum, runs from acetabular bone to fovea capitis

Front 93

patellar ligament

Back 93

horse, medial, middle, and lateral patellar ligaments, runs from platellar to tibial turberosity

Front 94

suspensory ligament

Back 94

located between metacarpal bone and deep digital flexor tendon

Front 95

stay apparatus

Back 95

components are muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Allows horse to stand with little muscular activity

Front 96

check apparatus

Back 96

portion of stay apparatus below fetlock joint

Front 97

reciprocal apparatus

Back 97

series of muscles and ligaments that permit stifle and hock to both flex and extend together

Front 98

common calcaneon tendon

Back 98

achilles tendon in humans