Bones

Front 1

What is the #1 articular disorder?

Back 1

Osteoarthritis (OA)

Front 2

What is the name of a disorder of hyaline cartilage & subchondral bone that is caused by "life"/trauma?

Back 2

osteoarthritis (OA)

Front 3

Joint mice, eburnation, (+) Heberden's nodes and Bouchard's nodes are all part of which type of arthritis?

Back 3

Osteoarthritis

Front 4

Joint stiffness last for hold long upon awakening with OA? with RA?

Back 4

OA = <1hr
RA = >1hr

Front 5

Joint stiffness after inactivity is indicative of which type of arthritis?

Back 5

Osteoarthritis

Front 6

Which joints are commonly affected by RA?

Back 6

PIPs and MCPs

Front 7

Erosion of cartilage and subchondral bone (black spots) with tenderness in all "active" joints in characteristic of which arthritis?

Back 7

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Front 8

Increased ESR or CRP indicates which type of arthritis?

Back 8

rheumatoid arthritis

Front 9

What are the HLA markers for RA?

Back 9

HLA-DR4, HLA-Dw4 or HLA-Dw14

Front 10

Out of 7 criteria for RA how many must be present in order to diagnose it?

Back 10

4 out of 7

Front 11

What is the alternative name for JRA?

Back 11

Still's Disease

Front 12

which HLA is (+) in psoriatic arthritis?

Back 12

HLA-B27

Front 13

This bone disorder is d/t disorder of collagen synthesis, increased FX, and blue hin sclera?

Back 13

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Front 14

"rugger jersey" vertebrae, increased density and abnormal skeletal modeling with very brittle bones is what disorder?

Back 14

osteopetrosis

Front 15

what is the inheritance pattern of achondroplasia?

Back 15

Autosomal Dominant

Front 16

Defective cartilage synthesis and resultant decreased epiphysis formation is what disorder?

Back 16

achondroplasia

Front 17

This disorder may be secondary to trauma at the head of the femur, the tibial tuberosity, or the scaphoid bone?

Back 17

Aseptic necrosis

Front 18

aseptic necrosis of the tibial tuberosity?

Back 18

osgood-schlatter disease

Front 19

aseptic necrosis of femoral head in children w/o a trauma hx?

Back 19

legg-calve-perthes disease

Front 20

This AD disorder is a type of dwarfism, producing hsort limbs w/ a normal sized head and trunk?

Back 20

achondroplasia

Front 21

Thinned cortical bone and enlarged medullary cavity, resultin gin fragile bones that easily fx with falls is characteristic of what ?

Back 21

osteoporosis

Front 22

Caucasians, petite or "small-boned" individuals, and women are at risk for developing what?

Back 22

Osteoporosis

Front 23

What are the 5 etiologies likely to cause osteoporosis?

Back 23

1) estrogen deficient state
2) physical inactivity/bedridden
3) hypercortisolism
4) hyperthyroidism
5) SUBCLINICAL Ca deficiency

Front 24

What is the #1 cause of hip fractures?

Back 24

Osteoporosis

Front 25

Do patients with Osteoporosis have low serum Calcium?

Back 25

NO

Front 26

Patients with osteoporosis often suffer from compression fractures of the vertebrae resulting in what?

Back 26

KYPHOSIS

Front 27

What cells break down bone?

Back 27

osteoclasts

Front 28

What cells build up bone?

Back 28

osteoblasts

Front 29

What are the 3 types of primary osteoporosis?

Back 29

1) idiopathic
2) Type I ("postmenopausal")
3) Type II ("Involutional")

Front 30

Type I osteoporosis primarily affects whom?

Back 30

Women within 15 years of menopause

Front 31

Type II osteoporosis primarily affects whom?

Back 31

MEN and WOMEN 70 years old or older (d/t lethargic osteoblasts)

Front 32

What are the causes of secondary osteoporosis?

Back 32

All other cases; such as immobility, Cushing's, ovariectomy, etc.

Front 33

What is the current DOC for prevention in osteopenic pts and TX of diagnosed osteoporosis?

Back 33

Bisphosphonates

Front 34

What other treatment options are there for osteoporosis aside from bisphosphonates? (4)

Back 34

physical activity
calcium w/ vit D (1000-1500mg/day)
HRT - not preferred
calcitonin

Front 35

What is the optimal dose of calcium per day?

Back 35

1000-1500 mg

Front 36

How does calcitonin work?

Back 36

made by parafollicular C cells of the thyroid and will initially deposit Ca on bone

Front 37

What is the cause of osteomalacia?

Back 37

It is due to inadequate bone mineralization

Front 38

When osteomalacia is caused by Vit D deficiency in children?

Back 38

Rickets

Front 39

what are the serum findings in osteomalacia? (3)

Back 39

low Ca, low phosphate and high alkaline phosphatase

Front 40

What are the 6 causes of osteomalacia?

Back 40

Vit D def
severe liver disease
anticonvulsant drugs
renal osteodystrophy
fanconi syndrome
malnutrition/malabsorption

Front 41

how does Vit D become activated?

Back 41

Vit D converted to 25-hydroxyvit. D3 in the LIVER then that is converted to 1,25-dihydroxyvit. D3 in the KIDNEY and that is the ACTIVE form

Front 42

What is the ACTIVE form of Vit D?

Back 42

1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

Front 43

How can anticonvulsant drugs result in osteomalacia?

Back 43

if used for a long period of time they can alter the liver's ability to metabolize Vit D to it's active form

Front 44

What is renal osteodystrophy?

Back 44

this occurs in patients with severe kidney disease/CRF; because the kidney can't convert 25-hydroxyvit to the active form of Vit D

Front 45

What happens in Fanconi syndrome?

Back 45

the PCT of the renal tubule is destroyed, causing the loss of phosphate and calcium

Front 46

What is the "classic" cause of Fanconi syndrome?

Back 46

ingestion of out dated tetracyclines

Front 47

The focal bony damage caused by severe hyperparathyroidism; along with a brown "tumor" ?

Back 47

osteitis fibrosa cystica

Front 48

increased, uncontrolled bone turnover resulting in thickened bones and high-output cardiac failure with extremely high alk phos

Back 48

Paget's Disease

Front 49

What two diseases have extremely high alk phos?

Back 49

hepatocellular carcinoma and Paget's Disease

Front 50

What are the benign cartilage tumors? (3)

Back 50

osteochondroma
enchondroma
chondroblastoma

Front 51

a benign tumor containing both bone and cartilage, and is the most common benign bone tumor?

Back 51

osteochondroma

Front 52

This malignant cartilage tumor occurs in spine and pelvic bones?

Back 52

chondrosarcoma

Front 53

PAINFUL benign bone tumor that occurs esp. in the extremities?

Back 53

Osteoid osteoma

Front 54

PAINLESS benign bone tumor that occurs primarily in the skull and facial bones?

Back 54

Osteoma

Front 55

This malignant primary bone cancer can occur in any bone and the 1st symptom may be a pathologic FX, it may also form a Codman's triangle ?

Back 55

Osteosarcoma

Front 56

Osteosarcoma is most common in what age(s)?

Back 56

bimodal peaks: most common <20 or the elderly

Front 57

This painful malignant tumor usually occurs in the diaphyses of long bones and the flat bones of the pelvis. It may often be mistaken for infection.

Back 57

Ewing's sarcoma

Front 58

Painful bone tumor accompanied by fever, anemia, leukocytosis and "onion skin" appearance of bone?

Back 58

Ewing's sarcoma

Front 59

What age group does Ewing Sarcoma occur in?

Back 59

peak at 10 - 15 yo and 80% <20 yo