Bones2016

Front 1

What is the skeletal system mostly made of?

Back 1

Hyaline cartilage

Front 2

At what age is the skeleton completely hardened?

Back 2

25

Front 3

How many bones are in the adult skeleton?

Back 3

206

Front 4

How many bones are in the axillary skeleton?

Back 4

80

Front 5

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

Back 5

126

Front 6

What bones make up the axil skeleton?

Back 6

Skull

Spine

SkullSpineRib cage

Rib cage

Front 7

What bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

Back 7

Upper limbs

Lower limbs

Shoulder girdle

Pelvic girdle

Front 8

What is the long bone called?

Where is it located?

Back 8

Femur

Leg

Front 9

What is the outermost layer of the long bone?

Back 9

Periosteum- tough covering of fibrous tissue

Front 10

Ossification means?

Back 10

Formation of bone tissue

Front 11

What 2 things largely make up the extracellular matrix of bone?

Back 11

Collagen

Inorganic salts

Front 12

What gives bones strength and resilience?

Back 12

Collagen

Front 13

What makes bone hard and resists crushing?

Back 13

Inorganic salts

Front 14

Mature bone cells ?

Back 14

Osteocytes

Front 15

Body chamber where osteocytes are found?

Back 15

Lacunae

Front 16

What forms concentric circles around central canals (have risen canals)

Back 16

Lacunae

Front 17

Osteocytes transport nutrients and wastes via ?

Back 17

Canaliculi

Front 18

Spongy bone is aka ?

Back 18

Cancellous bone

Front 19

Branching bony plates that help reduce bones weight in the spongy bone are called what?

Back 19

Trabeculae

Front 20

A concentric circles in the compact bone is ?

Back 20

Osteon

Front 21

Contains artery, vein, nerve in compact bone?

Back 21

Central canal

Front 22

Volkmann's canal aka ?

Back 22

Perforating canal

Front 23

Branching "ribs" of bone present in spongy bone are known as?

Back 23

Trabeculae

Front 24

Sheet like layers of connective tissues

Broad, flat bones

Skull bones (except mandible)

Back 24

Intramembranous ossification

Front 25

Bones begin as hyaline cartilage

These are the most bones of the skeleton ?

Back 25

Endochondral ossification

Front 26

Deposit bony matrix around themselves

Build bones

Build themselves into lacunae

Once isolated we call them osteocytes?

Back 26

Osteoblasts

Front 27

When does bony tissue begin to replace hyaline cartilage?

Back 27

In the center of the diaphy

Front 28

Where does the primary and secondary ossification begin and end. ?

Back 28

Begin in the primary section=middle

Ends in the spongy bone secondary section =ends of bones

Front 29

Resting cells

Anchors epiphysis plate to epiphysis

Back 29

First layer of cells

Front 30

Many rows of young cells

Undergoing mitosis

Back 30

Second layer of cells

Front 31

Older cells left behind when new cells appear

Cells enlarging Nd becoming calcified

Back 31

Third layer of cells

Front 32

Thin

Dead cells

Calcified

Extracellular matrix

Back 32

Fourth layer of cells

Front 33

What causes bone resorption?

Back 33

Osteoclasts

Front 34

What do acids do in the homeostasis of bone tissue ?

What do enzymes do?

Back 34

Acid- dissolves inorganic component

Enzymes-digest organic component

Front 35

What vitamin retards bone development?

Back 35

Vitamin A

Front 36

What vitamin deficientcy results in fragile bones

Back 36

Vitamin c

Front 37

What vitamin deficiency do you have when you see rickets and osteomalacia (softening of bone tissue)

Back 37

Vitamin D

Front 38

What do you see when you have insufficient growth?

Back 38

Dwarfism

Front 39

What do you see when you have the excessive growth hormone?

Back 39

Gigantism,acromegaly

Front 40

What do you see when you have insufficient thyroid hormone?

Back 40

Delays in bone growth.

Front 41

What do sex hormones cause?

Back 41

Promote bone formation

Stimulate ossification of epiphysis plates

Front 42

What does physical stress do?

Back 42

Stimulates bone growth

Front 43

Erythrocytes?

Back 43

Red blood cells

Front 44

Leukocytes

Back 44

White blood cells

Front 45

Platelets

Back 45

Thrombocytes

Front 46

Blood cell formation is also known as?

Back 46

Hematopiesis

Front 47

Where does hematopiesis occur at?

Back 47

Red bone marrow

Front 48

Why is blood cell formation red?

Back 48

Bc of the red, oxygen carrying pigment called hemoglobin

Front 49

What are the inorganic salts?

Back 49

Calcium

Phosphate

Magnesium

Sodium

Potassium

Front 50

A condition that results from loss of bone material?

Back 50

Osteoperosis

Front 51

What are soft spots called?

Back 51

Fontanels

Front 52

Do soft spots close? If so when?

Back 52

Yes as we develop as children

Front 53

How many bones are in the cervical vertebrae?

Back 53

7

Front 54

What area is the cervical vertebrae?

Back 54

Neck

Front 55

How many bones are in the thoracic vertebrae?

Back 55

12

Front 56

How many bones are in the lumbar vertebrae?

Back 56

5

Front 57

How many vertebrae re in the sacral area?

Back 57

4-5 FUSED segments

Front 58

How many vertebrae are in the coccygeal area?

Back 58

3-4 fused segments

Front 59

What part of the scapula articulates with the clavicle?

Back 59

Acromion

Front 60

Radius is on what side of the arm?

Back 60

Thumb side

Front 61

Ulna is on what side of the arm?

Back 61

Pinky side

Front 62

How many carpals make up the wrist?

Back 62

8

Front 63

Which bones make up the wrist?

Back 63

Carpals

Front 64

To what part of the tibia does the patellar ligament attach?

Back 64

Tibial tuberosity

Front 65

How many bones make up the phalanges in the hand and in the feet ?

Back 65

14

Front 66

What does the axis have that other vertebrae do not?

Back 66

Dens

Bifid spinous process

Transverse foramina

Front 67

What is the main function of the appendicular skeleton?

Back 67

Aid in motion

Front 68

What bone is the shin bone?

Back 68

Tibia

Front 69

What part of the bone makes the ankle?

Back 69

The tibia, medial malleolus

Front 70

How many metatarsal bones are in the foot?

Back 70

10

Front 71

How many phalanges are there in the foot?

Back 71

28

Front 72

How many tarsal bones are there in the foot?

Back 72

14

Front 73

What bone is non weight bearing?

Back 73

Fibula

Front 74

The hip bones contain 3 bones what are they?

Back 74

Illium

Ishium

Pubis

Front 75

(Hip bones)

What is the part of the cartilage in between two bones called ?

Back 75

Symphysis pubis

Front 76

What does the two pubis bones make when they are put together?

Back 76

Public arch

Front 77

What is a hole?

Back 77

Foramen

Front 78

What is a process?

Back 78

Outcropping of bone

Front 79

What is a tunnel?

Back 79

Meatus

Front 80

What is a bump?

Back 80

Condile

Front 81

Articulates with another bone, found at the ends of the long bones

Back 81

Epiphysis

Front 82

Between diaphysis and the epiphysis?

Back 82

Metaphysis

Front 83

Shaft of a long bone

Back 83

Diaphysis

Front 84

What is found on the epiphysis? Composed of hyaline cartilage.

Back 84

Articular cartilage

Front 85

A tough vascular covering of fibrous tissue, encloses bone and helps form and repair bone

Back 85

Periosteum

Front 86

Hollow chamber in diaphysis of long bones

Back 86

Medullary cavity

Front 87

A thin membrane containing bone forming cells. Lines the medullary cavity

Back 87

Endosteum

Front 88

Fills the medullary cavity

Red and yellow

Back 88

Bone marrow

Front 89

Foramen

Back 89

Hole

Front 90

Out cropping of bone

Back 90

Process

Front 91

Tunnel

Back 91

Meatus

Front 92

Bump

Back 92

Condyle