Bone Tissue

Front 1

Compact bone

Back 1

Outer shell of dense white osseous tissue

Front 2

Spongy bone

Back 2

Consists of slivers of spicules and trabiculae

Designed for strength while having a minimum weight

Hint 2

Front 3

Long bones

Back 3

Bones longer than they are wide; are acted upon by muscles to produce major body movements

Ex: femur, humerus

Front 4

Short bone

Back 4

Bones that are approximately equal in width and lenght; produce relatively limited gliding movements

Ex: carpal and tarsal bones

Front 5

Sesamoid bones

Back 5

Special type of short bone that is flat and embedded within a tendon

Ex: patella

Front 6

Flat bone

Back 6

Flat bones with wide surfaces, sometimes curved

Ex: parietal bone (skull)

Front 7

Irregular bone

Back 7

Bones with numerous shapes and articulations; don't fit into any category

Ex: vertebrae, three middle-ear bones

Front 8

Diaphysis

Back 8

Shaft of a long bone, composed of compact bone

Front 9

Epiphysis

Back 9

Expanded head at each end of the diaphysis

Front 10

Medular cavity

Back 10

Area of the diaphysis that contains yellow bone marrow

Front 11

Red bone marrow

Back 11

Type of marrow that fills nearly all bones in a child; found in most of axial skeleton in adults; produces blood cells

Front 12

Yellow bone marrow

Back 12

Fatty marrow type predominant in adults

Front 13

Articular cartilage

Back 13

Layer of hyaline cartilage found on the joint surface where one bone meets another

Front 14

Epiphyseal line

Back 14

Marks where the epiphyseal plate used to be after bone stops growing

Hint 14

Front 15

Periosteum

Back 15

Sheath that covers external surface of bone

Front 16

Endosteum

Back 16

Thin layer of reticular connective tissue that lines the internal medular cavity

Front 17

Osteoblasts

Back 17

Bone-forming cells under endosteum and periosteum; synthesize soft bone matrix before it hardens

Hint 17

Front 18

Osteocytes

Back 18

Osteoblasts that have been traped in the matrix they secreted; have long processes

Hint 18

Front 19

Osteoclasts

Back 19

Bone-dissolving cells found on bone surface; formed by the fusion of various stem cells; have ruffled border for increased surface area

Hint 19

Front 20

Sharpey's fibers

Back 20

Perforating fibers; collagenous fibers that connect periosteum to bone

Hint 20

Front 21

Osteon (haversian system)

Back 21

The basic structural unit of compact bone; a central canal and it's lamellae

Hint 21

Front 22

Interstitial lamellae

Back 22

The space between osteons; remnants of osteons that were partially reabsorbed during the bone remodeling process

Front 23

Circumferential lamellae

Back 23

Inner and outer boiseries of dense bone; running parallel to bone surface

Hint 23

Front 24

Central canal

Back 24

Center of osteon; contains blood vessels and nerves

Hint 24

Front 25

Perforating canal

Back 25

Transverse or diagonal passages that join central canals

Hint 25

Front 26

Lacunae

Back 26

Tiny cavities in bone matrix, in which osteocytes reside

Hint 26

Front 27

Canaliculi

Back 27

Small canals that interconnect lacunae; hold processes of osteocytes

Front 28

Fracture

Back 28

A break on bone, caused by either abnormal trauma (stress ______) or by weakening of the bone by a disease (pathological ______)

Front 29

Hematoma

Back 29

The formation of a blood clot in a healing fracture

Front 30

Callus

Back 30

In a healing fracture, it is made of collagen and fibrocartilage (soft ___) before being produced into a temporary bony collar (hard ___)