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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When is a bone marrow aspirate necessary?
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1) Unexplained, non-regen anemia, neutropenia, or thrombocytopenia
2) Suspected neoplasm 3) Identify type of leukemia |
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What are the techniques and tools needed for a bone marrow aspirate?
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-General or local anesthesia
-16-22 gauge needle -Trochanteric fossa or humerus -EDTA for tube |
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What do you want to avoid collecting in your bone marrow aspirate?
How large of a sample should you collect? |
Blood
2-3 drops |
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An aspirate should be 50/50 of what? What is a normal megakaryocyte count?
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Fat and hematopoetic cells
7-10 per slide |
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What type of anemia will you see lots of iron stores?
If don't see any iron? |
Anemia of inflammation
Iron deficient anemia |
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What is the M:E ratio?
What is normal? What is the normal percentage of lymphs? |
Myeloid to Erythroid cells
1:1 - 3:1 15% |
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What does > 20% blasts mean?
What is happening? |
Leukemia
Later stages are getting destroyed |
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What percent of plasma cells should you have?
What four things can an increase mean? |
2%
Tumor, eherlichiosis, multiple myeloma, antigenic stimulation |
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If you don't see many segs with a normal blast count what three things should you be thinking?
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1) Inflammation -> neuts going to site of inflam
2) Immune mediated neutropenia where later stages are being destroyed 3) Puppy recovering from parvo |
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What do you want to correlate bone marrow findings with?
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CBC
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What are the three possibilities of an increased ME ex. 6:1 ration mean?
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1) Erythroid hypoplasia or aplasia
2) Granulocytic hyperplasia 3) Granulocytic leukemia |
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What are two causes of erythroid hypoplasia? Aplasia?
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Anemia of inflammatory dz or anemia of renal dz
FeLV in cats, immune mediated in dogs |
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What is a reason for granulocytic hyperplasia?
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Walled off abscess, neutrophils can't get to sight of inflammatory but cytokines are still signaling
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What are three reasons for a decreased ME ratio? Is it more likely from an increase in E or decrease in M?
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1) Regenerative anemia
2) Erythroid leukemia 3) Neutrophil destruction or consumption Increase in erythroids ie. anemia |
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The presence of what cells in what percentage is the criteria for multiple myeloma?
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> 20% plasma cells
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What is myeloidysplasia? Does this often lead to leukemia? What can induce this in cats?
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Morphologic abnormalities in neuts, eryths and platelets
Yes FeLV |
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What are PCRs used for?
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Differentiates neoplastic from non-neoplastic lymphoproliferative disorders
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What is the rule for identifying a monoclonal gammopathy?
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Spike should be 4x high as it is wide
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What are four signs of multiple myeloma?
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1) Increased plasma cells in BM
2) Monoclonal gammopathy 3) Lytic bone lesions 4) Bence-Jones proteins in urine |
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In granulocytic leukemia what increases in the BM? Is this type of leukemia responsive to treatment?
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Myeloblasts
No |
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Over what number of neuts could you be fairly certain that it's leukemia rather than inflammation? What two things will aid in dx?
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> 200,000
Blasts in peripheral blood and lack of cause of inflammation |
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Is red cell leukemia common? What can immune mediated neutropenia resemble? Why?
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No, except in cats
Granulocytic leukemia Because seeing early stages (blasts) only |
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What two other leukemias does undifferentiated leukemia have features of? What infection does this happen with? What is the prognosis?
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Erythroid (red cell) and myeloid
FeLV Can live 2-3 yrs |
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Osteosarcoma is difficult to differentiate from which other cancer?
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Hemangiosarcoma
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