Bone Fractures Anatomy Test

Front 1

bone fracture

Back 1

a break in a bone

Front 2

closed (simple) fracture

Back 2

break that does not penetrate the skin; physician's hand

Front 3

open (compound) fracture

Back 3

broken bone penetrates through the skin; surgery (pins/wires)

Front 4

treatment of bone fractures

Back 4

reduction (realignment of bone ends) and immobilization (cast, etc.)

Front 5

comminuted

Back 5

bone breaks into many fragments; particularly common in the aged, whose bones are more brittle

Front 6

compression

Back 6

bone is crushed; common in porous bones

Front 7

depressed

Back 7

broken bone portion is pressed inward; typical of skull fracture

Front 8

impacted

Back 8

broken bone ends are forced into each other; commonly occurs when one attempts to break a fall with outstretched arms

Front 9

spiral

Back 9

ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone; common sports fracture

Front 10

greenstick

Back 10

bone breaks incompletely; common in children, whose bones are more flexible than those of adults

Front 11

repair of bone fractures

Back 11

hematoma (blood-filled swelling) is formed (blood vessels ruptured)

break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callus

fibrocartilage callus is replaced by a bony callus (osteoblasts to steoclasts)

bony callus is remodeled to form a permanent patch

Front 12

stages in the healing of a bone fracture

Back 12

1. hematoma formation

2. fibrocartilage callus formation

3. bony callus formation

4. bone remodeling

Front 13

axial skeleton

Back 13

forms the longitudinal part of the body

divided into three parts: skull, vertebral column, bony thorax

Front 14

skull

Back 14

two sets of bones: cranium (encloses brain) and facial bones (facial expression)

bones are joined by sutures

only the mandible is attached by a freely movable joint