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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ossification of a bone (two forms) |
Compact bone & Cancellous bone |
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Compact bone (definition) |
- begins as cartilage - bone forming cells discharge gelatinous substance in which inorganic salts are deposited - forms bone |
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Cancellous bone |
- begins as fibrous membranes - osteoblasts release osteoid in membrane forming spongy like bundle of fibers - bone develops outward from these centers in membrane - soft spots in skull are good example |
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Osteoblasts |
- bone forming cells/protein secreting cells |
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Osteoid |
Gelatinous substance discharged from osteoblasts |
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Minerals |
Inorganic salts deposited to form bone |
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Ossification of Short and Long Bones |
Short bones - single ossification centre near middle of bone
Long bones - tend to have 3 and 1 on each end |
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Bone Remodeling (Process and when is is most active) |
- 1st the osteoclasts remove old bone by releasing acids and enzymes - 2nd osteoblasts deposit new tissue - most active during early years of growth & after 35 it reverses, reabsorption begins to exceed bone reformation resulting in 5-10% decrease in bone mass/decade |
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Osteoclasts |
Bone resorbing cells |
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Epiphyseal Plates and Lines (what are they and where do they occur) |
- also known as growth plates - occur in various locations of long bones |
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How do you know if Linear growth is still possible? |
- growth plates will pass through x- rays appearing as black spaces (similar to hairline fracture) - if x Ray shows no black spots or solid epiphyses, linear growth is not possible for plates have fused together |
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3 types of Fractures |
- Simple Fractures - Compound Fractures - Comminuted Fractures |
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Simple Fractures (when do they occur/def) |
- when there is no separation of the bone into parts, but there is a break or a crack detectable - "hairline"/"green stick" fracture |
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Compound Fracture (where/when does it occur & def) |
- when bone breaks into separate pieces as result of major blow - "transverse fracture" |
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Comminuted Fracture (where/when does it occur & def) |
- when broken ends of bone shatter into many pieces - often result of car accident |
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Healing (How to bones heal and what are the complications that arise) |
- bones heal the same way they grow - complications in healing can arise when breaks occur near joints (fractures will impede motion unless properly treated and aligned) - sometimes bone chips from other parts of the body are added to make the healing easier |
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Stress Fractures (What are they, where do they mainly occur and how long should you take to rest?) |
- Small crack cause by overstressed muscle (unable to absorb shock) transfering impact to bone - Caused by rapid increase in activity - FEET - 6-8 weeks |
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Effects of Aging (Medical problem and what does it lead to?) |
- Osteoporosis - Leads to bone frailty and increased susceptibility to fractures - process of losing bone mass |
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Osteoporosis |
- most widespread medical problem associated with bones - low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue |
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4 recommended steps to prevent Osteoporosis |
1 - Balanced diet rich in Calcium and Vitamin D 2 - Healthy lifestyle (no smoking or excessive drinking) 3 - Appropriate bone density testing and medication 4 - Weight balancing exercises (ex. running) |
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Articulating cartilage |
- both ends have Articulating cartilage - Allows for smooth movement within joints while protecting both ends of the bone |
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What does Cartilage not have? |
- nerve or blood supply or nerve endings - A vascular - cannot regenerate |
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Periosteum (Definition and what does it do?) |
- outer connective tissue that covers the entire length of the bone - unites ligaments and tendons to connect bone or bone to muscle |
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Medullary Cavity (what is it and where can it be found?) |
- found in shaft of bone - filled with red and yellow bone marrow |
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Red Marrow vs Yellow Marrow |
Red - where hematopoesis (blood formation) takes place Yellow - made up of mostly fat and connective tissue (no role in blood formation) |
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Epiphysis (location and outer surface) |
- at the ends of the long bones - outer surface is made of compact bone |
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Diaphysis |
- shaft of the bone |
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Compact bone |
- dense part of bone (responsible for bones density) |
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Spongy bone (Cancellous bone) |
- filled with marrow in its matrix - strengthened with energy |
