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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Where is compact bone the thickest?
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Mid-diaphysis
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What force does compact bone resist?
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Compressive forces
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What are the organic components in bone?
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Collagen, ground substance, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, stem cells, cartilage
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What are the inorganic components in bone?
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Hydroxyapatite (calcium & phosphorus)
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What signals bone growth & epiphyseal closure?
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Growth factors
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What is it called when bones develop from interstitial tissue?
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Intramembranous ossification
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What kind of bone replaces chondrocytes at ossification?
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Woven bone
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Which cells resorb the cartilage matrix?
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Chondroclasts
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What are the 3 steps of bone repair?
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Inflammatory stage
Reparative stage Remodeling |
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What are the 5 signs of inflammation?
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Swelling
Redness Heat Pain Loss of function |
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What makes up the reparative stage?
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Remodeling
Intramembranous ossification Endochondral ossification |
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What are the 2 types of repair?
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Primary & secondary intention
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What makes up primary intention?
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Remodeling and intramembranous ossification
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What makes up secondary intention?
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Endochondral ossification
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Steps to secondary intention:
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1. Hematoma
2. Callus formation 3. Remodeling |
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How long does it take for soft callus to convert to long callus?
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10-14 days
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What does GH (growth hormone) do?
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Induces MAPK & STATS
Regulates secretion of IGF-1 |
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What are MAPK and STAT's?
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Key signaling molecules
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What does IGF-1 do?
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Stimulates protein synthesis and cell proliferation (especially during puberty)
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What is VEGF?
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Vascular endothelial growth factor
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What does VEGF do?
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Stimulates differentiation, migration, & activity of both osteoclasts & osteoblasts
-prevents apoptosis of osteoblasts |
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What does the increase in alkaline phosphatase indicate?
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The mineralization of bone
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What does exogenous VEGF promote?
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Bone healing
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Which is correct in regards to Growth Factors?
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a. Synonymous w/transcription factors
b. Always steroid in nature c. Signaling molecules b/w cells d. Only promote cell growth |
GF's are signaling molecules b/w cells
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During bone repair, the target cell types are all except:
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a. Osteoblasts
b. Osteoclasts c. Hypertrophic Chondrocytes d. Erythrocytes |
Erythrocytes
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VEGF is the only GF expressed during bone repair (T or F)
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False
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Bone repair w/o a cartilaginous intermediate is known as:
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Intramembranous ossification
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Treatment of mice with neutralizing VEGF receptor (increases or decreases) angiogenesis, bone formation & callus mineralization in femoral fractures
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Decreases
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