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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What kind of ossification is affected in achondroplasia
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Endochondral ossification
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The sign that membranous ossification is not affected in achondroplasia
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They have large heads
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Sign that endochondral ossification is affected in achondroplasia
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The have short limbs due to failure of longitudinal bone growth
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T/F: Chondrocyte proliferation is inhibited in achondroplasia
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True
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What inhibits chondrocyte proliferation in achondroplasia
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Constitutive activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3).
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T/F: Achondroplasia is associated with advanced maternal age
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False. Advanced paternal age
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T/F: Dwarfs have normal life span and fertility
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True
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T/F: Achondroplasia exhibits autosomal dominant inheritance
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True
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T/F: >85% of the mutations in achondroplasia occur sporadically
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True
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The type of bone primarily affected in osteoporosis
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Trabecular (spongy) bone
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What are the changes seen in lab values of osteoporosis
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Lab values are normal
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T/F: In osteoporosis, there is normal bone mineralization
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True
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The kind of osteoporosis that affects both men and women >70yrs of aged
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Type II (senile osteoporosis)
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Prophylaxis of osteoporosis
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Exercise and calcium ingestion before 30
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T/F: Glucocorticoids are contraindicated in osteoporosis
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True
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4 possible pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis
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1.Estrogen(SERMS)
2.Calcitonin 3.Bisphosphonates 4.Pulsatile PTH in severe cases |
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Failure of normal bone resorption will result in
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Osteopetrosis (marble bone disease)
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Describe the serum calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase levels in osteopetrosis
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All are normal
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T/F: There is increased marrow space in osteopetrosis
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False. Decreased marrow space
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The decreased marrow space in osteopetrosis will result in these 4 conditions
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1.Extramedullary hematopoiesis
2.Anemia 3.Thrombocytopenia 4.Infections |
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What is the genetic deficiency seen in patients with osteopetrosis
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Genetic deficiency of carbonic anhydrase II
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Describe the x ray picture in osteopetrosis
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"Erlenmeyer flask" bones that flare out
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Osteopetrosis can result in cranial nerve impingement and palsies. Why?
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Due to narrowed foramina
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T/F: Osteomalacia/rickets can be reversed with vitamin D replacement
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True
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Describe the serum levels of calcium, PTH and phosphate in osteomalacia/rickets
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Decreased calcium and phosphate; Increased PTH
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Another name for paget's disease of bone
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Osteitis deformans
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Describe the osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity in paget's disease of bone
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Increased activity in bone
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The virus suspected in paget's disease of bone
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Paramyxovirus
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Describe the serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and PTH in paget's disease of bone
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All normal
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T/F: Alkaline phosphatase is decreased in paget's disease of bone
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False. Increased
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Why the high-output cardiac failure seen in paget's disease of bone
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Due to increased blood flow from increased arteriovenous shunts in the bones
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What type of cancer can result from paget's disease of bone
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Osteogenic sarcoma
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T/F: Hearing loss is common in paget's disease of bone
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True
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T/F: Hat size can be increased in paget's disease of bone
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True
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Why the hearing loss in paget's disease of bone
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Auditory foramen narrowing
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The condition in which bone is replaced by fibroblasts, collagen and irregular bony trabeculae
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Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
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The form of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia characterized by multiple bone lesions associated with endocrine abnormalities and unilateral pigmented skin lesions
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McCune-Albright syndrome
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An example of an endocrine abnormality seen in McCune-Albright syndrome
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Precocious puberty
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The unilateral pigmented skin lesions seen in McCune-Albright syndrome is known as
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cafe-au-lait spots or coast of Maine spots.
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The bone disease associated with "brown tumors"
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Osteitis fibrosa cystica
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The bone disorder caused by surplus PTH due to over-active parathyroid hormone
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Osteitis fibrosa cystica
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Describe the lab values in osteitis fibrosa cystica
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Increased PTH, calcium, and ALP; Decreased phosphate
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