Bone ~ Basics

Front 1

Ribs

Back 1

-12 pairs
-attached to thoracic

-first 7 attached to sternum
-8,9,10 attached to each other, then 7th
-11,12 stick out on sides, short

Hint 1

#
placement

Front 2

Sesamoid Bone

Back 2

-imbedded in tendon
-Patella

Hint 2

where
example

Front 3

Girdles
Pelvis + Pectoral

Back 3

-huge muscles that holds up bones

Pectoral (movement):
-scalpula + clavicle
-hold arms by pectoral muscle
-strength support

Hint 3

what
examples
include...
job

Front 4

Foramen

Back 4

-holes

-carry blood vessels in bone for cells

-in ends of bones

Foramen Magnum~
-base of skull
-nerves enter brain

Hint 4

job
where 2

Front 5

Haversian System
HAVERSIAN CANAL

Back 5

-canal brings in blood vessels
-center of H system

-layers of protein wrap around it

Hint 5

where
job
other

Front 6

H System
LACUNAE

Back 6

-hollow gap

-on lamellae

-osteocytes (bone cells)

-blood vessels go thru interconnected H canals to lacunae
-feed cells

Hint 6

what
where
has in it
fed by

Front 7

H System
LAMELLAE

Back 7

-matrix layers

-made of collagen

Hint 7

what
made of

Front 8

H System
CANALICULUS

Back 8

-microscopic canals

-connect to lacunae
-bring blood

Hint 8

size
what

Front 9

H System
BLOOD'S PATH

Back 9

1-Foramen

2-H Canals

3-Canaliculus

Hint 9

3

Front 10

Fontanelles

Back 10

-soft spots

-brain + skull can grow

-head has give in birth
(cone head)

-hardens into sutures
(bones fuse together)

Hint 10

another name
why 2
causes
when older ...

Front 11

Strong Bones

Back 11

-calcium
-vitamin D
(helps calcium absorbtion thru digestive system)
-excersize
-no smoking/alcohol

Hint 11

4

Front 12

Ossification

Back 12

(cartilage becomes bone)

1. Starts in bone center @ epipheseal disc

2. Osteoclasts destroy cartilage
Osteoblasts follow + make bone

3. Disc pushed from center to bone ends

Hint 12

what is it
where
job

Front 13

Bone Growth

Back 13

(further growth in life)
~genetic

1.Growth Plate (catrilage layer between epiphysis + diaphysis of bone)
-on each end

2. Cartilage cells (mitosis) divide, enlarge,push older cells to middle of shaft

3. Older cells replaced by bone = grow in length


4. at 17-20 cartilage cells @ growth plate stop dividing
-taken over by bone
-adult height

Growth spurt = testosterone = cartilage cells grow fast

Hint 13

what is...
how
cause
stops at...
=
growth spurt

Front 14

Healing Process

Back 14

1. Clot

2.Cuff (calus)~ periosteum produces osteocytes to form it around fracture

3. Osteoblasts respond w/in 48 hours + new bone appears

4.Osteoclasts devour bone fragments/blood from fracture
-smooths edges/cuff after healed

Hint 14

what made
how
after
heal...

Front 15

Bone Disorders
COMPOUND FRACTURE

Back 15

-bone sticks out of body

Hint 15

where bone

Front 16

B Disorders
STRESS FRACTURE

Back 16

-crack due to constant pressure

-ex backpack on shoulders

Hint 16

what/how
ex

Front 17

B Disorders
SCOLIOSIS

Back 17

-spine curves rt/lft

Hint 17

what

Front 18

B Disorders
ARTHRITIS

Back 18

(swollen joints)

Rheumatoid
~genetic
-autoimmune disease
-body eats ends of bones

Osteoarthritis
~happens w/aging
-wear/tear of joints causes mometnary swelling

Hint 18

what
2
how happen
what happens
causes

Front 19

B Disorders
SHIN SPLINTS

Back 19

-due to slapping of feet when running

-tibia doesn't absorb shock
-mem holding tibia to fibula swells/hurts

Hint 19

cause
how
cause

Front 20

B Disorders
BONE SPURS

Back 20

-extra bone sticking out

-increase of bone tissue in area
-due to constant movement
-(piano fingers)

-like callus it protects

Hint 20

what
cause
like what

Front 21

B DIsorders
DOUBLE JOINTED

Back 21

-more elastin so
-loose tendons

genetic

Hint 21

cause
causes
how get it

Front 22

Osteoporosis

Back 22

-thinning/weaking of bones (porous)

1-tiny fractures in spine bones

2-bones compress/flatten

3-shoulders round, rib cage on hip bones, organs crowd, abdomen out

Hint 22

what
how

Front 23

Osteoporosis
After Age 30

Back 23

-@ 30, one can lose 1% or more bone mass a year

-menopause occurs in women after 30 = lose estrogen = lose bone-strengthening benefits

-age 65 = one absorbs less calcium

Hint 23

3
why
causes

Front 24

Osteoporosis
Higher Risk

Back 24

1. Women/Menopause
-lose estrogen + bone strengthening benifits

2. Smoking
-if pre-menopause smoker
...-menopause occurs earlier

3. Alcohol ~ poison to osteoblasts (bone forming)

Hint 24

3
cause

Front 25

Osteoporosis
Calcium Needed

Back 25

-good bone health
-blood clotting
regulate heart beat

-if not enough for body, body takes it from bones
-weaken them

Hint 25

neede for 3
if not enough

Front 26

Osteoporosis
Prevention

Back 26

1. Excersize
-running/weight lifting 30 min, 4x weekly
-puts bones into strengthening mode

2. Bone Mineral Density Test (x-ray)
-asseses bone strength
-predicts future problems
-people w/risk facotrs, 40+, on hormone replacement therapy for long time

3. Drink Milk
-a lot when younger + need it (ages 9-18)
-bones develop, grow in size/density in childhood (90% bone mass by 17)
-18+ bones increase

Hint 26

3
why
ex
what
when

Front 27

Name of Bone Disorders

Back 27

-compound fracture
-shin splint
-arthritis
-scoliosis
-stress fracture
-double jointed
-bone spurs

Hint 27

7