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343 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Failure to unite the two halves of the posterior arch
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Spina Bifida Occulta
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SBO at C1 is called
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Spondyloschiesis
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Klippel Feil Syndrome
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When more than two levels are involved in a congenital fusion
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Wasp waist deformity is associated with what?
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Congenital Fusion
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Hypoplastic disc is associated with what?
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Congenital Fusion
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Congenital Fusion of C0/C1 is called?
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Occipitalization
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Why is occipitalization a concern for instability?
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Transverse Ligament Instability!
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What line is associated with occipitalization?
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McGregor's Line (Basilar Impression)
- Max 10 mm in females - Max 8 mm in males |
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Anterior tubercle hypertrophy is significant of what?
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Posterior arch agenesis
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Does posterior arch agenesis require flexion/extension views?
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Yes, to check for transverse ligament instability
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Ossification of the atlantooccipital membrane occurs with what?
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Posterior ponticulum
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Odontoid separated from the C2 vertebral body
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Os Odontoideum
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Is Os Odontoideum stable?
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No, UNSTABLE
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Failure of the dens to form and ossify
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Agenesis of the odontoid
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United secondary ossification center at the tip of the odontoid
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Os Terminale of Bergmann
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Is Agenesis of the Odontoid stable?
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No, UNSTABLE!
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Is Os Terminale of Bergmann stable?
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Yes
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Omovertebral bone and Sprengle's deformity is highly associated with what?
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Klippel-Feil Syndrome
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Clinical Triad for Klippel-Feil Syndrome
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1. Low hair line
2. Short webbed back 3. Decrease in cervical ROM (30%) |
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Eagle's syndrome is associated with what?
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Stylohyoid Ligament calcification/ossification
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Which is the most common hemivertebrae?
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Lateral
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Scrambled Spine Syndrome is associated with what? What is it?
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- Associated with lateral hemivertebrae
- Two vertebraes, three pedicles |
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Which hemivertebra results in angular kyphosis?
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Dorsal hemivertebrae
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Which hemivertebrae results in angular lordosis?
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Ventral hemivertebrae
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Non-union between vertebrae that appears like a big 'X'; often associated with kyphoscoliosis and diastomatomyelia
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Butterfly Vertebrae
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Are notochordal impressions normal?
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Yes
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Cupid's Bow Sign is associated with what?
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Nuclear impressions
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What are the symptoms of a Schmorl's node?
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Asymptomatic
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Limbus bones are a variation of what?
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Schmorl's nodes
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What kind of limbus bone is associated with central stenosis?
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Posterior limbus bones
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Which limbus bones are more common- anterior or posterior?
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Anterior
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Spatulation without articulation
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Castellvi 1
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Spatulation with accessory joint
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Castellvi 2
A: unilateral B: bilateral |
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Complete fusion
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Castellvi 3
A: unilateral B: bilateral |
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Combined fusion and accessory joint
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Castellvi 4
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One facet is more coronal, one facet is more sagittal
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Facet Tropism
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Coupled defect of
1) SBO of S1 2) L5 Megaspinous |
Clasp Knife Syndrome
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Most common congenital deformity of the anterior wall of the chest
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Pectus excavatum
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Most common rib anomaly
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Luschka's Bifurcated Rib
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Formation of the iliac apophysis (ASIS - PSIS)
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Risser Sign
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Phleboliths are normal where?
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Only in the pelvic basin
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Small divot next to SI joint unilaterally or bilaterally; incidental finding in females
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Paraglenoid sulci
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Does Bi/Multi-Partite patella occur bilaterally or unilaterally?
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80% Bilaterally
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Where does bi/multi-partite patella most frequently occur?
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Superolateral patellar margin
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(2) Ways to Fracture the Patella
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1) Transverse patella fracture
2) Stellate fracture |
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Congenital fusion of tarsal bones
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Tarsal coalition
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Mechanism: Os Trigonium
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Frequent plantar flexion
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Greater tuberosity appears as a lytic mass
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Pseudotumor of the Humerus
- MACH effect! Not a diagnosis |
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Supracondylar process typically occurs where?
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Above the medial epicondyle
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How can you differentiate between supracondylar process and osteochondroma?
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- Supracondylar process points TOWARD the elbow joint
- Osteochondraom points AWAY |
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Struther's ligament is associated with what?
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Supracondylar process
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Complications of supracondylar process?
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- Median neuropathy
- Brachial artery compromise - Possibility of fracture |
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Short bowed radius with distal radiounlar joint dislocation
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Madelung Deformity
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The slop of the radial plateau is STEEP
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Madelung Deformity
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On lateral view, the ulna sticks far back
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Madelung Deformity
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Ulnar Impaction Syndrome is associated with what?
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Positive Ulnar Variance
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TFCC (triangular fibrocartilage complex) tear causes what?
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Positive Ulnar Variance
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Keinbock's Disease is associated with what?
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Negative Ulnar Variance
- Avascular necrosis of the lunate |
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Most common congenital carpal fusion
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Lunotriquetral
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(3) Patterns of Congenital Carpal Fusion
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1. Fuse bones in just the proximal row
2. Fuse bones in just the distal row 3. Bridge proximal and distal row |
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Epitransverse process occurs where?
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Atlas
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Bony protuberance projecting from the paracondylar area and directed towards the transverse process of the atlas
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Paracondylar process (paramastoid)
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Anterior midline boney process located between the two occipital condyles and continuous with the anterior foramen magnum extends a variable distance caudally
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Third condyle (Condylus tertius)
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Can you see Condylus Tertius on APOM views?
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No
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Ossification of the oblique occipital membrane as it passes laterally from the superolateral aspect of the atlas lateral mass to the transverse process
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Lateral Ponticle (Ponticulus lateralis, pons lateralis)
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Lateral ponticle is only seen on what view?
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APOM
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Presentation of mild brain changes, mild hydrocephalus and variable syringomyelia; common complaints include headache and cervical pain
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Arnold-Chiari Type I
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A vertical radiolucent line that appears to split the odontoid process
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Central Incisor Gap
- Represents the interdental space between the maxillary central incisors |
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At what levels does thyroid cartilage calcification occur?
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C4 - C5
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Where does facet notching occur?
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On POSTERIOR aspect of the SUPERIOR facet surface
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Midthoracic vertebral body horiztonal linear lucencies; marking the site of passage of the basivertebral vein
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Hahn's Venous Cleft
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Bilateral failure of union of the ossification centers for the inferior articular processes
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Oppenheimer's Ossicle
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On AP projection; smooth parasagittal endplate concavities with thickened cortices present; separated from the midline by a smooth convex hump
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Cupid's Bow Contour
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Partial or complete fusion of the 1st and 2nd ribs; forming a solid bony plate with variable sternal articular patterns
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Srb's anomaly
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Pigeon breast chest refers to what?
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Pectus carinatum
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Costochondral cartilage calcification: male presentation
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Peripheral perichondral calcification as two parallel lines; railroad track appearance
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Costochondral cartilage calcification: female presentation
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Linear calcification; wagging tongue-like appearance
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Growth of the ischial tuberosity
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Ischial apophysis
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Y cartilage represents a growth plate and is responsible for enchondral bone growth of the pelvis; secondary ossification center
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Tri-radiate cartilage
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The junction zone of the developing ischium and inferior pubic ramus
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Ischiopubic synchondrosis
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Occurs in the anterosuperior femoral neck as a ring-like cystic lesion
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Fermoral herniation pits (Pitt's pits)
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Ward's Triangle
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Confluence of (3) Trabecular patterns
1) Principle compressive group 2) Secondary compressive group 3) Principal tensile group in Femoral neck; forms a triangular region of radiolucency |
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Transverse radiopaque lines within the long metaphysis
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Harris Growth Arrest Lines
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Where is Os Fabella found?
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Lateral head of gastrocnemius behind the lateral femoral condyle
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Where is Os Cyamella found?
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Popliteus muscle
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Where is Os Peroneum found?
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Near the cuboid
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An area of radiolucency in the distal femur between the medial and lateral femoral condyles
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Ludloff's Spot
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Two or more fragments have separated
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Comminuted Fracture
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Butterfly fragment
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Comminuted Fracture
- Triangular shaped fragment, usually found on the concave side of injury |
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Segmental Fracture
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Comminuted Fracture
- Segmental bone taken out of the middle |
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One break, two fragments
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Non-Comminuted Fracture (simple)
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Avulsion fracture at the corner of phalanx or other tubular bone
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Chip "Corner" Fracture
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(2) Types of Impaction Fractures
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1) Depressed fracture
2) Compression fracture |
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Where do depressed fractures typically occur?
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- Tibial plateau
- Femoral neck - Frontal bone |
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Moderate impaction fracture
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Infraction
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Infraction fracture; flattening of the 2nd metatarsal head
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Freiberg's Infraction
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Characteristics of a Green Stick Fracture (Incomplete fracture)
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- Transverse fracture on the convex side
- Bending on the concave side - Splits halfway, then there is a longitudinal component |
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Characteristics of a Torus Fracture (Incomplete fracture)
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- Buckling of cortex on concave side or circumferentially
- No radiolucent fracture line visible - Impaction style injury, cortex bows |
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Compression fractures affect anterior or posterior body?
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Anterior body only!
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Pathological fractures (vertebra plana) affects anterior or posterior body?
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Both!
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Abnormal stress on normal bone
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Fatigue Fracture (stress fracture)
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A March fracture is an example of what type of fracture?
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Fatigue Fracture
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Normal stress on abnormal bone
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Insufficiency fracture
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Most common occult fracture?
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Scaphoid
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Mechanism: Transverse Fracture
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1) Pathologic
2) Tension 3) Angular force |
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Mechanism: Oblique Fracture
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Compression
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Mechanism: Spiral Fracture
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Rotation
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Mechanism: Combined Oblique and Transverse fracture
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Compression and angulation
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Whether or not the bone is BENT; applied to all tubular bone fractures; distal fragment is described in relationship to the proximal
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Alignment (angulation)
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How well two fractured pieces of bone touch each other
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Apposition
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When two halves of a fracture overlap
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Bayonet Apposition
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Partial loss of contact between articular surface components of a joint
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Subluxation
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Complete loss of contact between articular surface components of a joint
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Dislocation
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Displacement of frank separation of a slightly moveable joint (syndesmosis)
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Diastasis
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Where does diastasis occur?
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- Pubic symphysis
- Skull sutures - Distal talofibular joint |
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Fracture through a joint surface; goes through both bone and cartilage
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Osteochondral fracture (osteochondritis dissecans)
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Common locations of osteochondritis dissecans
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- Lateral aspect of medial femoral condyle
- Talar dome - Capitulum |
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Most common Salter Harris fracture
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Type II
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Thurston Holland Fragment is associated with what?
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Type II Salter Harris fracture
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Compartment syndrome
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Immediate complication of a fracture
- Muscles liquefy and kidneys fail; results in death |
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Mechanism: Jefferson's Fracture
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Axial Compression
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Mechanism: Posterior Arch Fracture
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Hyperextension
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Most Common C1 Fracture
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Posterior Arch Fracture
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Characteristic: abnormally wide ADI
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Transverse ligament rupture
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Asymmetry of paraodontoid space
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Rotatory Atlantoaxial Fixation/Subluxation
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Mechanism: Hangman's Fracture
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Hyperextension
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Bilateral pedicle fracture
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Hangman's Fracture
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Hangman's fracture will lead to what?
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Traumatic spondylolisthesis
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Mechanism: Tear Drop Fracture (C2)
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Hyperextension
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Most common fracture of C2
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Teardrop Fracture
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Avulsion of anterior-inferior corner of body
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Tear drop fracture
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Most common odontoid fracture
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Type II
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Mechanism: Wedge Compression Fracture
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Compressive hyperflexion
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Mechanism: Burst Fracture
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Vertical compression with or without flexion
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Mechanism: Tear Drop Fracture (C3-C7)
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- Hyperextension
- Occasionally, hyperflexion |
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Frequent neurological deficit associated with Tear Drop Fracture (C3-C7)
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Anterior cord syndrome
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Mechanism: Articular Pillar Fracture
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Hyperextension with lateral flexion
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Mechanism: Clay Shoveler's Fracture
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Flexion (avulsion)
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"Double Spinous Sign" is associated with what?
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Clay Shoveler's fracture
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Mechanism: Unilateral Facet Joint Dislocation
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Flexion with Rotation
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"Bowtie Sign" is associated with what?
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Unilateral Facet Joint Dislocation
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Mechanism: Bilateral Facet Joint Dislocation
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Flexion
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What soft tissues are ruptured with bilateral facet joint dislcoation
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- Posterior annulus
- PLL and facet capsules - Interspinous and supraspinous ligaments |
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Mechanism: Whiplash Associated Disorders
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- Hyperextension
- Hyperflexion - Acceleration/Deceleration |
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Mechanism: Post Traumatic Annular Clefts
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Hyperextension
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Vacuum Cleft is associated with what? Occurs where?
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- Post Traumatic Annular Clefts
- Occurs in annular tissue |
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Vacuum Phenomenon is associated with what? Occurs where?
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- Post Traumatic Annular Clefts
- Occurs in nucleus |
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Most common site of compression fractures
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T11 - L1
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Most common fracture in lumbar spine
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Compression fracture
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Shape of compression fracture in thoracolumbar region
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Wedge
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Shape of compression fracture in lower lumbar region
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Biconcave
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Mechanism: Burst Fracture
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Axial compression with flexion
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What is radiographically important in a burst fracture?
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Widened interpediculate distance
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Which fracture is the exception to the middle column rule?
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Avulsion Fracture of the Posterior Ring Epiphysis
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Mechanism: Transverse Process Fracture
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Direct blow, or extension with lateral flexion
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2nd most common lumbar fracture
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Transverse process fracture
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What soft tissue gets damaged in a transverse process fracture?
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Kidney or ureter damage!
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What is LOBS?
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Lumbar Osseous Bridge Syndrome
- Bridges of bone from TP to TP |
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Mechanism: Pars Interarticulars fracture
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Repetitive hyperextension
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Mechanism: Chance Fracture/Lap Seat Belt Fracture
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Flexion and distraction over a fulcrum
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What happens to the vertebral body in a Chance fracture?
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- Anterior body compresses
- Posterior body splits horizontally |
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Is there neurological compromise with a Chance fracture?
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Yes! High degree
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Is there an interpediculate space increase in a Chance fracture?
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NO! It is normal!
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"Empty Vertebra Appearance" is associated with what?
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Chance fracture
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Mechanisms: Sacral Fracture
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1) Fall on buttocks
2) Direct trauma 3) Associated with pelvic trauma |
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Most common type of sacral fracture
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Horiztonal/Transverse fracture
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Horizontal sacral fracture usually occurs at which levels?
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3rd and 4th sacral level
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Vertical sacral fractures are visible only on what view?
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AP
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Most coccygeal fractures have what orientation?
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Transverse
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Coccygeal fractures tend to displace which way?
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Anterior
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(3) Stable injuries of the Pelvis
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1) Iliac wing fractures
2) Avulsion fractures 3) Unilateral straddle fractures |
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Mechanism: Duverney's Fracture
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Direct force from lateral direction
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Mechanism: Malgaigne Fracture
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Vertical shearing forces on pelvis
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Fracture of:
- Superior pubic ramus and inferior ischiopubic ramus - Ipsilateral SI joint, ilium or sacrum |
Malgaigne Fracture
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Fracture of:
- Superior pubic ramus and inferior ischiopubic ramus - Contralateral SI joint, ilium or sacrum |
Bucket Handle Fracture
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Mechanism: Posterior Rim Fracture
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Flexion with ABduction
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Mechanism: Central Acetabular Fracture
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Side impact from MVA
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Bilateral vertical fractures through both superior pubic rami and inferior ischiopubic rami
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Straddle fracture
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Complete diastasis of pubic symphysis and complete diastasis of one or both SI joints
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Sprung Pelvis
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"Open Book Injury" is associated with what?
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Sprung Pelvis
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Mechanism: Pubic Diastasis
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Shearing separation of pubic articulation
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(2) Types of Avulsion Fractures
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1. Single episode of acute trauma
2. Repetitive chronic trauma |
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Avulsion fracture of ASIS includes what muscle?
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Sartorius
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Avulsion fracture of AIIS includes what muscle?
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Rectus femoris
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Avulsion fracture of Ischial Tuberosity includes what muscle?
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Hamstring
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"Rider's Bone" is associated with what?
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Avulsion fracture of ischial tuberosity
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Most common intracapsular proximal femoral fracture?
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Subcapital
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(3) Intracapsular proximal femoral fractures
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1) Subcapital
2) Mid cervical 3) Basicervical |
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Is there a concern for AVN in a proximal femoral fracture?
|
Yes because of lateral and medial femoral circumflex arteries; intracapsular fracture
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(3) Extracapsular proximal femoral fractures
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1) Trochanteric
2) Subtrochanteric 3) Intertrochanteric |
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Which extracapsular proximal fracture is usually pathological?
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Subtrochanteric
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Mechanism: FA dislocation with posterior acetabular fracture?
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Blow to the knee with hip flexed and ABducted
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Mechanism: FA dislocation without acetabular fracture
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Blow to the knee with hip flexed and ADducted
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Most common hip disorder of adolescence
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SCFE
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A SCFE is what type of fracture?
|
Type I Salter Harris
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Abnormal Klein's Line is associated with what?
|
SCFE
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"Parrot beak appearance" is associated with what?
|
SCFE
Femoral head is displaced medially and downward, the lower margin of the epiphysis becomes beak shaped |
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"Pistol grip appearance" is associated with what?
|
SCFE
Sweeping curvature of the femoral neck |
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What view is best for a SCFE?
|
Frog leg view
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What is the most common other finding associated with a SCFE?
|
DJD
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Mechanism: Tibial Plateau Fracture (Bumper/Fender fracture)
|
VALGUS force
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Where does a tibial plateau fracture (Bumper/Fender fracture) most commonly occur?
|
Lateral tibial plateau (80%)
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Mechanism: Segond's Fracture
|
VARUS force
|
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Avulsion of the IT band insertion
|
Segond's Fracture
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Where does a Segond's fracture typically occur?
|
Lateral aspect of the lateral tibial plateau
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What is a Segond's frature usually associated with?
|
90% ACL tear
70% meniscal tear |
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Mechanism: Patellar Fracture
|
Direct or indirect trauma
|
|
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What is the most common orientation of a patellar fracture?
|
60% Transverse
25% Stellate, 15% vertical |
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Patellar dislocation is most common in which direction?
|
Lateral
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Injuries of the popliteal artery and peroneal nerve are common with what?
|
Femorotibial dislocation
|
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Mechanism: Femorotibial dislocation
|
MVA or a fall from a high height
|
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Mechnism: ACL Injury
|
Ankle rotation (pivot) with VALGUS stress
|
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What imaging modality is required to confirm an ACL injury?
|
MRI
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Kissing contusions involve what?
|
- Lateral femoral condyle
- Posterior tibial plateau |
|
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What injuries are associated with an ACL tear?
|
- O'donoghue's Unhappy Triad
- Segond's fracture - PCL injury |
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O'Donoghue's Unhappy Triad is composed of what?
|
1. ACL tear
2. Posterior horn medial meniscal tear 3. Medial collateral ligament tear |
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Mechanism: PCL injury
|
Direct anterior blow to the knee; falling on your knees
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Mechanism: MCL injury
|
VALGUS stress
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Mechanism: LCL injury
|
VARUS stress
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Most common site of osteochondritis dissecans
|
Knee
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Most common location of osteochondritis dissecans
|
Non-Weight bearing surface of the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle
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Most common location of SONK
|
Weight bearing surface of the medial femoral condyle
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Osteochondritis dissecans occurs in what population?
|
Children and adolescents
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SONK occurs in what population?
|
Elderly
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Chondral Defect/Fracture involves what?
|
Cartilaginous layer ONLY
|
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Proximal fibular fractures are associated with what?
|
- Knee ligamentous injury
- Lateral tibial plateau fractures - Ankle injury (Maisonneuve fracture) |
|
|
Fractures of the proximal tibia in children
|
Trampoline fracture
|
|
|
Avulsion fracture of the tibial tuberosity; usually associated with comminuted or subcondylar fracture of the proximal end of the tibia
|
Tibial Tuberosity Fracture
|
|
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Mechanism: Maisonneuve Fracture
|
Inversion-External Rotation at the ankle
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What is ruptured with a Maisonneuve Fracture?
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Tibiofibular syndesmosis/distal tibiofibular ligament
- Medial malleolus fracture - Deltoid ligament instability |
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Undisplaced spiral fracture of the tibia
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Toddler's fracture
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Fracture of tibia and fibula
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Boot top fracture
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Fracture through the medial malleolus with diastasis of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis
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Tillaux fracture
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(3) Residual Fractures of a Tillaux Fracture
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- Medial malleolus
- anterior tibia - Distal fibular shaft |
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What creates an avulsion of the anterior tubercle of the tibia and a fracture of the lateral malleolus 6 - 7 cm proximal to the distal end of the fibula
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Tillaux fracture
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Most common tarsal bone to fracture?
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Calcaneus
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Mechanism: Calcaneal Fracture
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Compression or Avulsion (non-compressive)
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What is most commonly fractured in a calcaneal fracture?
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75% Subtalar joint and body
25% Processes |
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Abnormal Boehler's angle is associated with what?
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Compressive Calcaneal Fracture
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Most frequent type of talar fracture?
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Avulsion to the anterior process
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2nd most common tarsal to fracture?
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Talus
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Complication of a Talar Neck Fracture (Aviator's Fracture)
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Osteonecrosis of the talar dome
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Transverse fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal
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Jones (Dancer's) Fracture
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Most common bony injury of the foot
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Jones/Dancer's fracture
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Mechanism: Jones/Dancer's Fracture
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Inversion and plantar flexion
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Stress fracture around the 2nd/3rd metatarsal neck
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March Fracture
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Separation of 1st and 2nd metatarsal base
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Tarsometatarsal dislocation: Lisfranc
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Fracture dislocation extends in which direction with a Lisfranc (Tarsometatarsa)l dislocation
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Laterally
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Rib fractures most often involve which ribs?
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Middle ribs (4 - 9)
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Which two views are a minimum requirement for a rib fracture
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1) Frontal (AP/PA)
2) Oblique |
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Patient breaks ribs in two places
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Flail chest
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Patient breaks ribs at the lateral margin
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Golfer's fracture
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Most common sternal fracture?
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Transverse fracture
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Which part of the clavicle is most commonly fractured?
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80% Middle
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Most common location of scapular fracture?
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80% Body and neck
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- Avulsion from triceps
- Impaction from anterior GH dislocation - Fracture of anterior inferior glenoid rim |
Bankart Fracture
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Proximal head/neck fracture of humerus and Anterior Dislocation
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Hill Sach's fracture or Hatchet fracture
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Greater tuberosity fracture
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Flap fracture
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What view is Hill Sachs best seen?
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Internal rotation
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Which way does a Hill Sachs fracture dislocate?
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Anteriorly
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GH Joint most commonly dislocates in which direction?
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95% Anterior
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GH joint dislocation associated with severe hyperabduction
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Luxatio erect
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(3) Associated Lesions of an Anterior Glenohumeral Joint Dislocation
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- Hill Sachs fracture (60%)
- Flap fracture (15%) - Bankart lesion |
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Mechanism: Posterior GH Joint Dislocation
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Grand Mal seizures, electric shock, trauma
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"Trough Sign" is associated with what?
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Reverse Hill-Sach's
(Posterior GH Joint Dislocation) |
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Notch in the anterior aspect of the humeral head
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Reverse Bankart
(Posterior GH Joint Dislocation) |
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How do you take an AC radiograph?
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- Bilateral with and without weights to adequately diagnose
- Involuntary weighting is better than actively holding weights |
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AC ligament sprain, coracoclavicular ligament is intact
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Type I ACJ dislocation
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- AC ligament torn, corcoclavicular ligament stretched
- Wide AC joint space - Clavicular elevation |
Type II ACJ dislocation
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- AC ligament and corcoclavicular ligament torn
- Wide AC joint space - Clavicle elevation > 5 mm |
Type III ACJ dislocation
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SLAP Tears can lead to what kind of instability
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Glenohumeral
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Most common labrum tear?
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SLAP (Superior Labrum from Anterior to Posterior)
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Avulsive injury from traction of flexor or extensor tendons and collateral ligaments on the medial or lateral epicondyles
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Epicondylar fracture
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Most common elbow fracture in children
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Supracondylar fracture
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Transverse humeral fracture above the condyles
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Supracondylar fracture
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What line is disrupted with a supracondylar fracture
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Anterior Humeral line
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Mechanism: Olecranon fracture
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Avulsion from triceps; hyperflexion injury
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Most common adult elbow fracture
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Radial Head/Neck fracture
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Vertical fracture through the radial head
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Chisel fracture
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Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Capitellum
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Kocher's fracture
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Avulsion of the Medial Epicondyle
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Little Leaguer's Elbow
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Which direction is the most common elbow dislocation
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Posterior
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Elbow dislocation and reduction is associated with what?
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Coronoid process fracture
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Anterior dislocation of the elbow is associated with what?
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Olecranon fracture
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Elbow dislocations typically involve what nerve?
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Ulnar nerve
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Single fracture of the ulna?
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Night Stick (Parry) Fracture
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- Ulnar shaft fracture
- Dislocation of radial head (proximal radial dislocation) |
Monteggia Fracture/Dislocation
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- Fracture of distal radial shaft
- Dislocation of DRUJ |
Galeazzi Fracture/Dislocation (Piedmont's fracture)
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What is a man concern with a Galeazzi Fracture/Dislocation (Piedmont's fracture)?
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TFCC tear
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Distal radial fracture
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Colles' fracture
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Colles' fracture fragment angles in what direction?
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Posterior/Dorsal
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Mechanism: Colles' Fracture
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FOOSH, extended hand
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"Dinner Fork deformity" is associated with what?
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Colles' fracture
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Mechanism: Smith's Fracture
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FOOSH, flexed hand
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Smith's fracture fragment angles in what direction?
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Anterior
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Fracture of the posterior rim of t he distal radius
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Barton's Fracture (Rim Fracture)
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What neuropathy is associated with Barton's Fracture
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Median neuropathy
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Fracture of the radial styloid process
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Hutchinson's fracture (Chauffeur's, Backfire fracture)
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Most common fracture of the wrist in children between 6 and 10
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Torus Fracture
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Avulsion of the ulnar collateral ligament
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Ulnar Styloid Process fracture
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What is damaged with an ulnar Styloid Process Fracture?
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TFCC
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Most common carpal bone fracture
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Scaphoid
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Most common occult fracture
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Scaphoid
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Most common scaphoid fracture location?
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Waist: 70%
Proximal Pole: 20% Distal Pole: 10% |
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Preiser's Disease
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Avascular necrosis associated with Scaphoid fracture
(The more proximal the fracture, the more likely for AVN) |
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Non-union of a scaphoid fracture is referred to as what?
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SNAC: Scapho-Non-Union-Advance Collapse
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2nd most common carpal bone fracture
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Triquetrum (Fischer's) Fracture
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Mechanism: Triquetrum (Fischer's) Fracture
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Hyperflexion
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Avulsion of the dorsal surface of the radiocarpal ligament
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Triquetrum (Fischer's) fracture
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Triquetrum (Fischer's) fracture can only be viewed on which view?
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Lateral
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Mechanism: Pisiform fracture
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A direct, impacting blow; FOOSH
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Most common pisiform fracture
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Vertical fracture; divides the bone into two halves
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Most common carpal dislocation
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Lunate
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Mechanism: Lunate dislocation
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Hyperextension
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Lunate displaces in which direction with a dislocation
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Anteriorly
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"Pie Sign" is associated with what?
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Lunate dislocation (AP view!)
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Lunate dislocation is associated with what neuropathy?
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Median neuropathy
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Dorsal displacement of all carpals except the lunate
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Perilunate dislocation
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What kind of dislocation commonly occurs with a scaphoid fracture?
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Perilunate dislocation
(Trans scaphoid perilunate dislocation) |
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"Terry Thomas Sign" is associated with what?
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Scapholunate dislocation (Rotatory Subluxation of the Scaphoid)- Rupture of the scapholunate ligament
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"Signet Ring Sign" is associated with what?
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Scapholunate dislocation (Rotatory Subluxation of the Scaphoid)- Rotation of the scaphoid
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Normal Scapholunate Angle?
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30-60°, lateral view
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Dorsal angulation of the lunate
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DISI (Dorsal Intercalated Segmental Instability)
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DISI is most commonly associatd with what?
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Scapholunate ligament injury
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DISI scapholunate angle?
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> 60°
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Volar angulation of lunate
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VISI (Volar Intercalated Segmental Instability)
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VISI is associated with what?
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Rupture of lunotriquetral ligament
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Scapholunate angle in a VISI?
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< 30°
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Non-Comminuted fracture of 1st metacarpal base
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Bennett Fracture
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Comminuted fracture of 1st metacarpal base
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Rolando's fracture
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Most common metacarpal fracture
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Neck of the 5th metacarpal
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Fracture of the neck of the 2nd or 3rd metacarpal
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Boxer's fracture
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Fracture of the 4th or 5th metacarpal head
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Bar Room fracture
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Mechanism: Gamekeeper's Thumb
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Hyperabduction
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What side of the thumb is affected in a Gamekeeper's thumb?
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Ulnar side
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Fragment of bone becomes trapped under the palmar aponeurosis? What is the associated with?
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Stener Lesion
Associated with Gamekeeper's thumb |
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Avulsion fracture of the dorsal corner of the base of the distal phalanx from extensor digitorum longus
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Mallet Finger
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Mechanism: Mallet Finger
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Forceful flexion of DIP
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Fingers most commonly dislocate in which direction?
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Posterior
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Most commonly dislocated joints in the body?
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Finger
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Myositis ossificans in medial collateral ligament of the knee
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Pellegrini-Stieda's disease
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Myositis ossificans in the adductor magnus muscle
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Prussian's disease
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Myositis ossificans in intertransverse muscle
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Lumbar Ossified Bridge Syndrome (LOBS)
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