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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Covalent bonds
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Sharing of electrons so that atoms can fill their outer shells
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Chemical Bond
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When atoms combine to form molecules
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When a chemical bond forms
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Energy is released
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When a chemical bond is broken
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Energy is absorbed
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Ionic Bonds
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Bonding of ions as a result in their opposite charges
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In ionic bonding the borrower becomes
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negativley charged
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In ionic bonding the lender becomes
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Positivly charged
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Electons are shared equally
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Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
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Have an electrostatic Charge
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Ionic Bonds
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Do not hat an electrostatic Charge
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Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
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Electronegativity Difference between two atoms is bery small
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Nonpolar Covlent Bonds
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Low boiling points and do not conduct current
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Covlent Compounds
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Electrons are more strongly attracted to the atom of greater electroegativity
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Polar Covalnt Bonds
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Unequal Sharing of electrons
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Polar Covalent Bonds
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Some of these bonds are partly ionic
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Polar Covalent bonds
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Polar covalent bonds can exits in __________ molecules.
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Nonpolar
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When one atom provides both electrons in a shared pair
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Coordinate Covalent Bonds
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by sharing the electrons in its outer shell with many other atoms
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Metallic Bonding
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Intermolecular Forces
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Attractins between molecules
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Force of attraction between polar molecules
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dipole-diple attraction
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when dipoles line up so the positive pole of 1 molecule lines up with the negative pole of another
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dipole-dipole attraction
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The constant motion of an atoms electron can cause
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an uneven charge distribution
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an uneven charge distribution can cause
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a nonpolar atom to become polar (temporary dipole)
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London forces
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The weakest of all electrical forces between atoms
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The interaction of a hydrogen atom with an electronegative atom
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Hydrogen bonding (dipole-dipole attraction)
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Sharing 2 pairs of electrons is called
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A double bond
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Sharing three pairs of electrons is called
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A triple Bond
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Double and Triple Bonds have
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greater bond strenghts and pulls atoms closer together
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Smaller interatomic differences
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Double and Triple Bonds
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Valance energy level election pair repulsion model
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VSEPR Model
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VSEPR stands for
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Valence Shell Electrons Pair Repulsion
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Like charges will orient themselves to
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diminish the repulsion between them
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The VSPER model
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helps determines theshapes of molecules
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2 or more pure atomic orbitals can be mixed to form identical hybrid atomic orbitals
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hybridization
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sp orbitals contain 1 electron but is capable of holding _ electrons
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2
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(hybridization) If there are an unused pair of electrons it an cause
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angle distortion of the atom
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Sigma Bond
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Bond between s orbitals and s orbitals and other orbitals
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When two p orbitals share electrons in a covalent bond its called a
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Pi bond
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In solid phase @ room temp. doesnt conduct electrica current
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Ionic Substance
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Liquid phase good condutcor of electric current
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Ionic Substanes
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High melting and boiling points
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Ionic Substances
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Low volatilties and low vaper pressure
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Ionic Substances
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Brittle and Easily broken
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Ionic Substances
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Neither liquids nor solids conduct electric current
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Molecular Crystals and Liquids
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Many exists s gases @ room temp.
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Molecular Crystals and Liquids
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Many solids and liquids are volatile
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Molecular Crystals and Liquids
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Melting Points are Low
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Solid Crystals
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Boiling points of liquids are low
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Molecular Crystals and Liquids
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Solids are soft with a waxy consistency
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Molecular Crystals and Liquids
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Large amount of energy needed to be decomposed
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Molecular Crystals and Liquids
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When electrnegativity dfference between two atoms is 2
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Ionic Bonding
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Eectronegativity Difference in Ionic Bonding
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1.7 or more
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Electronegativity Difference in Nonpolar Covalent Bonding
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0-.5
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Electronegativity Difference in Polar Covalent Bonds
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.4 - 1.7
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The force of attraction of the electron of one atom for the protons of another is in close proximity
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Van der Waals forces
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Van der Waals forces
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dipole-dipole attraction & London forces
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