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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are ionic bonds formed between?
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Metal and non-metal
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What are covalent bonds formed between?
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Two non-metals
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What are metallic bonds formed between?
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Two metals
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What happens to electrons in ionic bonding?
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They are gained and lost
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What happens to electrons in covalent bonding?
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They are shared
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What is formed in metallic bonding?
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An alloy
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What is the sequence of electrons in shells?
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2,8,8
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When metals lose their outer shell electrons they become ...., which is postively/negatively charged.
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Cations
Positively |
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When metals gain outer shell electrons they become ...., which is postively/negatively charged.
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Anions
Negatively |
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In metallic bonding how is the structure held together?
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By the attraction of positive cations and negative sea of electrons
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Why can metals conduct electricity?b
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They can easily move in response to a change
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What happens to the lost electrons in metallic bonding?
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They are delocalised in a sea of electrons and are free to move
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What shape do cations form in metallic bonding?
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A giant lattice arrangement
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Define 'malleable'
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It is easy to alter the shape and keep the attraction
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Metals ... electrons in ionic bonding
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Lose
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Non-metals ... electrons in ionic bonding
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Gain
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Give the charge on ion for groups 1-8
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1 = +1
2 = +2 3 = +3 4 = nothing 5 = -3 6 = -2 7 = -1 8 = nothing |
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What is the charge of an ionic compound?
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Neutral
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OILRIG
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Oxidation is Loss
Reduction is Gain |
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How are ionic compounds held together?
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Very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions to form crystals
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Describe the structure of an ionic compound
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Giant 3-Dimensional lattive held together by the attraction of oppositely charged ions
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Are the MP/BP of ionic compounds high or low? Why?
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High because a lot of energy is needed to overcome the strong electrostatic forces
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Are ionic compounds soluble in water?
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Mostly
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Do ionic compounds conduct electricity?
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Not in solid state because ions are in fixed positions but when moletn/dissolved they can because ions are free to move
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What is the relation of charge to MP/BP
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Electrostatic forces are less in ions with a lower charge and therefore a lower charge will have a lower boiling point and melting point
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Give the formula for;
Hydrogen chloride Water Hydrogen Methane Chlorine Ammonia Ethane Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Nitrogen Ethene |
Hydrogen chloride; HCl
Water; H2O Hydrogen; H2 Methane; CH4 Chlorine; Cl2 Ammonia; NH3 Ethane; C2H6 Oxygen; O2 Carbon Dioxide; CO2 Nitrogen; N2 Ethene; C2H4 |
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What is the difference between intermolecular bonds and the bonds between the simple molecules in covalent bonding?
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Intermolecular = weak
Simple molecules = strong |
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What are the MP/BPs like in covalent bonding and why?
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Low because intermolecular forces are responsible for MP/BPs and these are weak
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At low temperatures, what hapens to covalent bonds?
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The forces become strong and a crystal is formed.
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Name two common allotropes of carbon
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Graphite and diamond
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Describe the structure of diamond
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Each carbon atom is bonded to four others
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Describe the structure of graphite
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A layered structure that is held together by attraction of delocalised electrons. The forces between layers are weak.
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Describe use for diamond.
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Cutting hard objects
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Describe use for graphite and why
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Lubricant because layers can slide
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Give the charges of;
ammonium hydroxide sulphate phosphate nitrate carbonate hydrogen-carbonate |
ammonium; NH4 +
hydroxide; OH - sulphate; SO4 2- phosphate; PO4 3- nitrate; NO3 - carbonate; CO3 2- hydrogen-carbonate; HCO3 - |
