Body Tissue & Body Membrane

Front 1

Types of Tissues:

Back 1

1. Epithelial tissue

2. Connective Tissue

3. Muscular tissue

4. Nervous tissue

Front 2

Epithelial tissue

Back 2

The tissue that forms the innermost and outermost surfaces of the body structures and forms glands. Also called epithelium.

Front 3

Connective tissue

Back 3

One of the most abundant of the four basic tissue types in the body, performing the functions of the binding and supporting; consists of relatively few cells in the generous matrix (the ground substance and fibers between the cells).

Front 4

Muscular tissue

Back 4

A tissue specialized to produce motion in response to muscle action potentials by its qualities of contractility, extensibility, elasticity, and excitability; types include skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.

Front 5

Nervous tissue

Back 5

Tissue containing neurons that initiate and conduct nerve impulses to coordinate homeostasis, and neuroglia that provide support and nourishment to neurons.

　

Classified into 3 types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscular tissue

Front 6

basement membrane

Back 6

Thin, extracellular layer between epithelium and connective tissue consisting of a basal lamina and a reticular lamina.

Front 7

Secretion

Back 7

Production and release from a cell or a gland of a physiologically active substance.

Front 8

Absorption

Back 8

Intake of fluids or other substances by cells of the skin or mucous membranes; the passage of the digested foods from the gastrointestinal tract into blood or lymph.

Front 9

extracellular matrix

Back 9

The ground substance and fibers between cells in a connective tissue.

Front 10

Connective tissue Cells:

Back 10

1. Fibroblasts

2. Macrophages

3. Plasma Cells

4. Mast Cells

5. Adipocytes

6. Leukocytes

Front 11

mesenchyme

Back 11

An embryonic connective tissue from which all other connective tissues arise.

Front 12

ostean

Back 12

The basic unit of structure in adult compact bone, consisting of a central (haversian) canal with its concentrically arranged lamellae, lacunae, osteocytes, and canaliculi,. Also called a harversian system.

Front 13

lamellae

Back 13

Concentric rings of hard, calcified extracellular matrix found in compact bone.

Front 14

Lacunae

Back 14

A small, hollow space , such as that found within the syncytiotrophoblast.

Front 15

osteocytes

Back 15

A mature bone cell that maintains the daily activities of bone tissue.

Front 16

Canaliculi

Back 16

Small channels or canals, as in bones, where they connect lacunae.

Front 17

Blood

Back 17

A fluid that circulates through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins and that constitutes the chief means of transport within the body.

Front 18

blood plasma

Back 18

The extracellular fluid found in blood vessels; blood minus the formed elements.

Front 19

Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

Back 19

Blood cells without nuclei that contain the oxygen-carrying protein hemoglobin; responsible for oxygen transport through out the body.

Front 20

White blood cells (leukocytes)

Back 20

Nucleated blood cells that are responsible for protecting the body from foreign substances via phagocytosis or immune reactioins.

Front 21

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Back 21

A fragment of cytoplasm enclosed in a cell membrane and lacking a nucleus; found in the circulating blood; plays a role in hemostasis.

Front 22

Lymph

Back 22

Fluid confined in lymphatic vessels and flowing through the lymphatic systems until it is returned to the blood.

Front 23

membranes

Back 23

A thin, flexible sheet of tissue composed of epithelial layer and an underlying connective tissue layer, as in an epithelial layer and an underlying connective layer, as in an epithelial membrane, or of areolar connective tissue only, as a synovial membrane.

Front 24

mucous membranes

Back 24

A membrane that lines a body cavity that opens to the exterior. Also called the mucosa.

Front 25

lamina propria

Back 25

Areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers and a plexus of veins; part of the mucosa of the organs such as the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

Front 26

serous membrane

Back 26

A membrane that lines a body cavity that does not open to the exterior. The external layer of an organ formed by a serous membrane. The membrane that lines the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities. Also called a serosa.

Front 27

pleura

Back 27

The serous membrane that covers the lungs and lines the walls of the chest and the diaphragm.

Front 28

pericardium

Back 28

A loose-fitting membrane that encloses the heart, consisting of the superficial fibrous layer and a deep serous layer.

Front 29

peritoneum

Back 29

The largest serous membrane of the body that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the viscera within it.

Front 30

Synovial fluid

Back 30

Secretion of the synovial membranes that lubricates joints and nourishes articular cartilage.

Front 31

Neurons

Back 31

A nerve cell, consisting of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.

Front 32

nerve action potentials

Back 32

A wave of depolarization and repolarization that self-propagates along the plasma membrane of a neuron. Also called nerve impulse.

Front 33

Dendrites

Back 33

A neuronal process that carries electrical signals, usually graded potentials, toward the body cell.

Front 34

axon

Back 34

The usually single, long process of a nerve cell that propagates a nerve impulse toward the axon terminals.

Front 35

neuroglia

Back 35

Cells of the nervous system that perform various supportive functions. The neuroglia of the central nervous system are the astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells; neuroglia of the peripheral nervous system include Schwann cells and satellite cells. Also called glia.

Front 36

Fibroblasts

Back 36

A large, flat cell that secretes most of the extracellular matrix of the areolar and dense connective tissues.

Front 37

Macrophages

Back 37

Phagocytic cell derived from a monocyte; may be fixed or wandering.

Front 38

Plasma cells

Back 38

Cell that develops from a B cell (lymphocyte) and produces antibodies.

Front 39

Mast cells

Back 39

A cell found in areolar connective tissue that release histamine, dilator of small blood vessels, during inflammation.

Front 40

Adipocytes

Back 40

Fat cell, derived from a fibroblast.

Front 41

Leukocytes

Back 41

A white blood cell.

Front 42

Synovial membranes

Back 42

The deeper of the two layers of the articular capsule of a synovial joint, composed of areolar connective tissue that secretes synovial fluid into the synovial (joint) cavity.

Front 43

　

tissue

Back 43

A group of similar cells and their intercellular substance joined together to perform a specific function.

Front 44

　

Histology

Back 44

Microscopic study of the structure of tissues.

Front 45

　

Pathologist

Back 45

specialized in laboratory studies of cells and tissue for diagnoses

Front 46

　

mesoderm

Back 46

The middle primary germ layer that gives rise to connective tissues, blood and blood vessels, and muscles.

Front 47

　

Avascular

Back 47

　

or lacks its own blood supply

Front 48

　

Covering and lining epithelium

Back 48

　

Outer covering of skin and some internal organs

Front 49

　

Glandular epithelium

Back 49

　

Secreting portion of glands (thyroid, adrenal, and sweat glands)

Front 50

　

Simple epithelium

Back 50

　

Single layer of cells that function in diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, or absorption

　

　

Front 51

　

Pseudostratified epithelium

Back 51

　

Appear to have multiple layers because cell nuclei at different levels

All cells do not reach the apical surface

　

　

Front 52

　

Stratified epithelium

Back 52

　

Two or more layers of cells that protect underlying tissues in areas of wear and tear

　

　

Front 53

　

Squamous

Back 53

　

Thin cells, arranged like floor tiles

Allows for rapid passage of substances

　

　

Front 54

　

Cuboidal

Back 54

　

As tall as they are wide, shaped like cubes or hexagons

May have microvilli

Function in secretion or absorption

　

　

Front 55

　

Columnar

Back 55

　

Much taller than they are wide, like columns

May have cilia or microvilli

Specialized function for secretion and absorption

Front 56

　

Transitional

Back 56

　

Cells change shape, transition for flat to cuboidal

Organs such as urinary bladder stretch to larger size and collapse to a smaller size

Front 57

　

Endothelium

Back 57

The layer of simple squamous epithelium that lines the cavities of the heart , blood, vessels, and lymphatic vessels.

Front 58

　

Mesothelium

Back 58

The layer of simple squamous epithelium that lines serous membranes.

Front 59

　

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Back 59

　

Appears to have several layers due to nuclei are various depths

All cells are attached to the basement membrane in a single layer but some do not extend to the apical surface

Ciliated cells secrete mucus and bear cilia

Nonciliated cells lack cilia and goblet cells

Front 60

　

Ground substance

Back 60

1. Between cells and fibers
2. Fluid, semifluid, gelatinous, or calcified
3. Complex combination of proteins and polysaccharides

Front 61

Fibers

Back 61

　

Collagen fibers (solid)

Elastic fibers

Reticular fibers

reticular= blood, lymph

Front 62

　

Embryonic connective tissue

Back 62

　

Mesenchyme and mucous connective tissue

Front 63

　

Mature connective tissue

Back 63

Loose connective

1. tissue Areolar, adipose, and reticular
2.
3. Dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic
4.
5. Hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic
6. cartilage
7.
8. Bone tissue
9. Liquid connective tissue
10. Blood and lymph

Front 64

　

Mucous (Wharton’s Jelly)

Back 64

　

Found in umbilical cord of the fetus

Front 65

　

Dense connective tissue

Back 65

　

Contains numerous, thicker, and denser fibers

Packed closely with fewer cells than loose connective tissue

Front 66

　

Dense regular connective tissue

Back 66

　

Bundles of collagen fibers are regularly arranged in parallel patterns for strength

Tendons and most ligaments

Front 67

　

Cartilage

Back 67

A type of connective tissue consisting of chondrocytes in lacunae embedded in a dense network of collagen and elastic fibers and an extracellular matrix of chondroitin sulfate.

Front 68

　

Chondrocytes

Back 68

Cell of mature cartilage.

Front 69

　

Perichondrium

　

No blood vessels or nerves, except pericondrium

Back 69

The membrane that covers cartilage.

Front 70

　

Blood tissue

Back 70

　

Connective tissue with liquid extracellular matrix called blood plasma

Front 71

　

Epithelial membranes

Back 71

are a combination of an epithelial layer and an underlying connective tissue layer

Mucous, Serous, and Cutaneous

membranes

Front 72

　

Cardiac muscle tissue

Back 72

Striated muscle fibers (cells) that form the wall of the heart; stimulated by an intrinsic conduction system and autonomic motor neurons.

Front 73

　

Intercalated disc

Back 73

An irregular transverse thickening of sarcolemma that contains desmosomes, which hold cardiac muscle fibers (cells) together, and gap junctions, which aid in conduction of muscle action potentials from one fiber to the next.

Front 74

　

granulation tissue

Back 74

　

All of these process create an actively growing connective tissue called

Front 75

Body membranes Function:

Back 75

Cover body cavities

line body cavities

Form protective sheets around organs

Front 76

Meninges

Back 76

Three membranes covering the brain and the spinal cord, called the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. Singular is meninx.

Front 77

Periosteum

Back 77

The membrane that covers bone and consists of connective tissue, osteogenic tissue cells, and osteoblasts; is essential for bone growth, repair, and nutrition.

Front 78

Cutaneous

Back 78

Pertaining to the skin.

Front 79

Viscera

Back 79

The organs inside the ventral body cavity.

Front 80

parietal layer

Back 80

lines a portion of the wall of ventral body cavity.

Front 81

Ligament

Back 81

Dense regular connective tissue that attaches bone to bone.

Front 82

Tendon

Back 82

A white fibrous cord of dense regular connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

Front 83

1. Hyaline

Back 83

major

Front 84

2. fibrocartilage

Back 84

Discs/symphsis pubis

Front 85

3. elastic

Back 85

nose/ears

Front 86

Myocardium

Back 86

The middle layer of the heart wall, made up of cardiac muscle tissue, lying between the endocardium and constituting the bulk of the heart.

Front 87

Striated

Back 87

Striped lines in the muscle

Front 88

Merocrine gland

Back 88

Gland made up of secretory cells that remain intact throughout the process of formation and discharge of the secretory product, as in salivary and pancreatic glands.

Front 89

Apocrine

Back 89

accumulate secretary product at apical surface of secreting cell, portion of cell is released as product is secreted, questionable in humans. (more in animal).

Front 90

Holocrine gland

Back 90

A type of gland in which the entire secretory cells, along with their accumulated secretions, make up the secretory product of the gland, as in the sebaceous (oil) glands.