Body Systems For Midterms

Front 1

trachea

Back 1

The air-conducting tube lined with mucus membranes and cilia

Front 2

alveoli

Back 2

Clusters of thin-walled sacs a the end of each bronchiole that are surrounded with capillaries; where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place

Front 3

breathing

Back 3

The movement of the chest that brings air into the lungs and removes waste gases

Front 4

pharynx

Back 4

a tube-like passageway that is used by food, liquid, and air

Front 5

respiration

Back 5

The process where oxygen supplied from the lungs and carried in the blood stream is used to release energy from glucose

Front 6

diaphragm

Back 6

A muscle beneath the lungs that contracts and relaxes to help move gases into and out of the lungs

Front 7

larynx

Back 7

the airway to which the vocal cords are attached

Front 8

cilia

Back 8

tiny hair-like structures, move mucus and trapped material away

Front 9

bronchi

Back 9

two short tubes that carry air into the lungs

Front 10

epidermis

Back 10

the outer, thinnest layer of skin

Front 11

dermis

Back 11

The layer of cells directly below the epidermis, which contains blood vessels, nerves, muscles, oil, and sweat glands

Front 12

melanin

Back 12

a pigment that protects your skin and gives it color

Front 13

Emphysema

Back 13

Characteristics: shortness of breath
Causes: Alveoli enlarge

Front 14

Lung Cancer

Back 14

Characteristics: Cells grow uncontrollably
Causes:cigarette smoke

Front 15

Asthma

Back 15

Characteristics:shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing
Causes: allergies

Front 16

Colds

Back 16

Characteristics: sneezing, coughing, wheezing, runny/stuffy nose, tired
Causes: Bacteria and/or virus

Front 17

Influenza

Back 17

Characteristics: Fever, sneezing, coughing, runny/stuffy nose
Causes: Virus

Front 18

Pneumonia

Back 18

Characteristics: Wheezing, shortness of breath
Causes: Bacteria, virus, and/or other microorganism

Front 19

Bronchitis

Back 19

Characteristics: Bronchioles swell, mucus produced, tubes are irritated
Causes: bacteria and/or virus

Front 20

Five Functions of Skin

Back 20

Protection, Production/Formation of Vitamin D, Control of Body Temperature, Sensory Response, Expels Waste

Front 21

How sweating helps a runner

Back 21

Sweating helps a runner because when sweat is released, the body uses the heat/energy to evaporate the sweat, reducing the body temperature

Front 22

When and where vitamin D is produced

Back 22

Vitamin is produced when skin is exposed to UV light and is made with a fat-like molecule in your epidermis.

Front 23

How skin repairs on itself when the epidermis is slightly injured

Back 23

Blood flows until it can clot the wound
Scab forms to keep out bacteria
Blood fights infections

Front 24

Purpose of Vitamin D

Back 24

to absorb calcium in the digestive tract

Front 25

Waste products produced by sweat glands

Back 25

salt, water

Front 26

chemical digestion

Back 26

Digestion that takes place when chemical reactions break down large molecules of food into smaller ones

Front 27

chyme

Back 27

Food from the stomach that has been changed into a thin, watery liquid that moves into the small intestine

Front 28

digestion

Back 28

the process that breaks down food into small molecules so that they can be moved into the blood and be absorbed by the cells

Front 29

enzyme

Back 29

A type of protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction in the body

Front 30

mechanical digestion

Back 30

Digestion that takes place when food is chewed, mixed, churned

Front 31

peristalsis

Back 31

waves of muscle contractions

Front 32

villi

Back 32

finger-like projections in the small intestine

Front 33

bladder

Back 33

organ that holds urine until it leaves the body

Front 34

kidney

Back 34

urinary system organ that holds urine until it leaves the body

Front 35

nephron

Back 35

tiny filtering unit in the kidney

Front 36

ureter

Back 36

one of two tubes that connect a kidney to the bladder

Front 37

urethra

Back 37

Structure that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

Front 38

urinary system

Back 38

The body system that rids the blood of wastes made by the body's cells, controls blood volume, and balances salts and water

Front 39

urine

Back 39

wastewater that is excreted by the kidneys

Front 40

amylase

Back 40

an enzyme made near the mouth that helps speed up the breakdown of complex carbohydrates

Front 41

Importance of villi to digestion

Back 41

Villi increase the surface area of the small intestine, giving nutrients in the chyme more places to be absorbed.

Front 42

Purpose of the esophagus

Back 42

To carry food from the mouth to the stomach using peristalsis

Front 43

Main job of the large intestine

Back 43

to absorb water from undigested materials

Front 44

Difference between mechanical and chemical digestion

Back 44

mechanical = churn, mix, chew
chemical = chemicals used to break down food

Front 45

Functions of the urinary system (3)

Back 45

1) help body get rid of excess salt/water
2) control blood volume
3) gets rid of wastes

Front 46

Main organs of excretory system (4)

Back 46

bladder, urethra, ureter, kidney

Front 47

Results of the kidneys not working (3)

Back 47

waste can accumulate to act as a poison, water can accumulate to cause swelling, an imbalance of salts stops normal cell functioning

Front 48

Steps of the Urinary System

Back 48

1 - Blood enters the kidneys
2 - Blood enters the nephrons
3 - Water, sugar, salt, wastes enter a cuplike structure
4 - Capillaries reabsorb most of the water, sugar, salt
5 - The renal vein returns purified blood
6 - Urine flows from ureters to bladder
7 - Urine flows from bladder thru urethra, out of body