Body Systems - Digestive

Front 1

AN/o

Back 1

anus

Front 2

APPEND/o
APPENDIC/o
(a-PEN-dis)

Back 2

appendix

Front 3

CHOLECYST/o
(ko-le-SIS-to)

Back 3

gallbladder

Front 4

COL/o
COLON/o

Back 4

colon

Front 5

DUODEN/o
(do-o-DE-no)

Back 5

duodenum

Front 6

ESOPHAG/o
(eh-SOF-ah-gus)

Back 6

esophagus

Front 7

GASTR/o

Back 7

stomach

Front 8

HEPAT/o

Back 8

liver

Front 9

ILE/o
(i-LE-o)

Back 9

ileum
third part of the small intestine

Front 10

JEJUN/o
(jeh-JOO-no)

Back 10

jejunum
second part of the small intestine

Front 11

OR/o
STOMAT/o

Back 11

mouth

Front 12

PANCREAT/o

Back 12

pancreas

Front 13

PHARYNG/o
(fa-RIN-go)

Back 13

pharynx

Front 14

PROCT/o

Back 14

anus and rectum

Front 15

RECT/o

Back 15

rectum

Front 16

SIGMOID/o
(SYG-moyd-o)

Back 16

sigmoid colon
S-shaped lower portion of the colon

Front 17

ANAL
(A-nal)

Back 17

pertaining to the anus

Front 18

APPENDECTOMY

Back 18

removal of the appendix

Front 19

APPENDICITIS

Back 19

inflammation of the appendix

Front 20

CHOLECYSTECTOMY
(ko-le-sis-TEK-to-me)

Back 20

removal of the gallbladder

Front 21

COLOSTOMY
(ko-LOS-to-me)

Back 21

opening of the colon to the outside of the body

Front 22

COLONOSCOPY

Back 22

visual examination of the colon

Front 23

DUODENAL
(du-o-DE-nal)

Back 23

pertaining to the duodenum

Front 24

ESOPHAGEAL
(eh-sof-ah-JE-al)

Back 24

pertaining to the esophagus

Front 25

GASTRALGIA

Back 25

stomach pain

Front 26

HEPATOMEGALY

Back 26

enlargement of the liver

Front 27

ILEOSTOMY
(il-e-OS-to-me)

Back 27

new opening of the ileum (third part of the small intestine) to the outside of the body

Front 28

GASTROJEJUNOSTOMY
(gas-tro-jeh-joo-NOS-to-me)

Back 28

new surgical opening between the stomach and jejunum (second part of the small intestine)
= anastomosis

Front 29

ORAL

Back 29

pertaining to the mouth

Front 30

PANCREATITIS
(pan-kre-ah-TI-tis)

Back 30

inflammation of the pancreas

Front 31

PHARYNGEAL
(fah-rin-JE-al)

Back 31

pertaining to the pharynx (throat)

Front 32

PROCTOSCOPY

Back 32

inspection of the anus and rectum with a proctoscope (endoscope)

Front 33

RECTOCELE
(REK-to-seel)

Back 33

hernia (protrusion) of the rectum into the vagina

Front 34

SIGMOIDOSCOPY
(sig-moys-OS-ko-pe)

Back 34

visual examination of the sigmoid colong with an endoscope inserted through the anus and rectum

Front 35

STOMATITIS

Back 35

inflammation of the mouth

Front 36

CHOLELITHIASIS

Back 36

abnormal condition of gallstones

Front 37

CIRRHOSIS

Back 37

chronic disease of the liver with degeneration of liver cells

Front 38

COLONIC POLYPOSIS

Back 38

condition in which polyps protrude from the mucous membrane lining the colon

Front 39

DIVERTICULOSIS

Back 39

abnormal condition of small pouches or sacs (diverticula) in the wall of the intestine (often the colon)

Front 40

DIVERTICULITIS

Back 40

inflammation and infection within diverticula

Front 41

GERD

GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE

Back 41

a condition in which contents of the stomach flow back into the esophagus

Front 42

IBD

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

Back 42

- inflammation of the terminal (last) portion of the ileum (CROHN DISEASE) or
- inflammation of the colon (ULCERATIVE COLITIS)

Front 43

HEPATITIS

Back 43

inflammation of the liver

Front 44

IBS

IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME

Back 44

signs and symptoms are cramping, abdominal bloating, constipation, and diarrhea
- does not permanently harm the intestine

Front 45

HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

Back 45

cancer (primary) of the liver

Front 46

JAUNDICE

Back 46

yellow-orange coloration of the skin and other tissues, from high levels of BILIRUBIN in the bloodstream (HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA)

Front 47

CT scan

Abdominal Computed Tomography scan

Back 47

a series of cross-sectional x-ray images that show abdominal organs

Front 48

MRI

Abdominal Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Back 48

magnetic and radio waves create images of abdominal organs and tissues in all three planes of the body

Front 49

ABDOMINAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY

Back 49

process of beaming sound waves into the abdomen to produce images of organs such as the gallbladder

Front 50

ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASONOGRAPHY

Back 50

useful to detect enlarged lymph nodes and tumors in the upper abdomen

Front 51

BARIUM TESTS

Back 51

e-ray examinations using a liquid barium mixture to locate disorders of the gastrointestinal tract

Front 52

1.) BARIUM ENEMA (lower GI series)

2.) BARIUM SWALLOW (higher GI series)

Back 52

1.) barium is injected into the anus and rectum and x-ray images are taken of the colon

2.) barium is taken in through the mouth and x-ray images reveal the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine

Front 53

CHOLANGIOGRAPHY

Back 53

x-ray examination of the bile ducts (CHOLANGI/o) after the injection of contrast material throught the liver or through a catheter from the mouth, esophagus, and stomach into the bile ducts

Front 54

CHOLANGI/o

Back 54

bile ducts

Front 55

GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY

Back 55

visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract with an endoscope
- e.g. esophagoscopy, gastroscopy, sigmoidoscopy

Front 56

HEMOCCULT TEST

Back 56

feces are placed on paper containing the chemical guaiac, which reacts with hidden (occult) blood
- important screening for colon cancer

Front 57

LIVER FUNCTION TESTS

LFTs

Back 57

measurements of liver enzymes and other substances in the blood
- enzyme levels increase when the liver is damaged, as in hepatitis

Front 58

STOOL CULTURE

Back 58

feces (stools) are placed in a growth medium (culture) to test for microorganisms/bacteria

Front 59

VIRTUAL COLONOSCOPY

Back 59

CT scans, MRI, and computers are used to produce two- and three-dimensional images of the colon
-useful to diagnose colon disease

Front 60

ANASTOMOSIS

Back 60

surgical creation of an opening between two gastrointestinal organs

Front 61

COLOSTOMY

Back 61

surgical creation of a new opening of the colon to the outside of the body

Front 62

ILEOSTOMY

Back 62

surgical creation of a new opening of the ileum to the outside of the body

Front 63

LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY

Back 63

removal of organs or tissues via laparoscope
- form of minimally invasive surgery

Front 64

ALT
AST

Back 64

Alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase
= liver enzymes measured as part of LFTs

Front 65

BE

Back 65

barium enema

-barium, a contrast agent, is introduced throught the rectum and x-ray pictures of the colon are taken

Front 66

GB

Back 66

gallbladder

Front 67

GERD

Back 67

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Front 68

GI

Back 68

gastrointestinal

Front 69

IBD

Back 69

inflammatory bowel disease
- Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis

Front 70

IBS

Back 70

irritable bowel syndrome

Front 71

LFTs

Back 71

liver function tests
-ALT, AST, bilirubin

Front 72

NPO

Back 72

nil per os

= nothing by mouth

Front 73

TPN

Back 73

total parenteral nutrition
-intravenous solutions are given to maintain nutrition