Body Systems

Front 1

superior vena cava

Back 1

O2 poor blood from upper body to the right atrium

Front 2

right atrium

Back 2

on left as you look, blood from vena cavas to right ventricle

Front 3

right ventricle

Back 3

on left as you look, blood from right atrium to pulmonary artery

Front 4

inferior vena cava

Back 4

O2 poor blood from lower body to right atrium

Front 5

pulmonary arteries

Back 5

blood from right ventricle to lungs for O2

Front 6

pulmonary veins

Back 6

O2 rich blood from lungs to left atrium

Front 7

left atrium

Back 7

blood from pulomary veins to left ventricle

Front 8

left ventricle

Back 8

blood from left atrium to aorta, very thick muscle, pumps 75 mL per beat

Front 9

aorta

Back 9

blood from left ventricle to rest of body

Front 10

pericardium

Back 10

fibrous sac enclosing heart

Front 11

myocardium

Back 11

cardiac muscles

Front 12

arteries

Back 12

blood vessels from the heart

Front 13

capilleries

Back 13

transition from artery to vein, very small

Front 14

veins

Back 14

blood back to heart

Front 15

high blood pressure

Back 15

high force exerted by blood on artery wall, high when systolic/diastolic = 140/90 (normal when = 120/80)

Front 16

aterosclerosis

Back 16

plaque build up in arteries, can cause heart attack or stroke

Front 17

plaque

Back 17

fat, cholesterol, calcium

Front 18

blood

Back 18

connective tissue mad of dissolved substances and special cells; 5.5 liters in average person

Front 19

function of blood

Back 19

transport O2, nutrient, waste; fight infection; clot to repair blood vessel damage

Front 20

plasma

Back 20

55% of blood; 90% water; 10% gas, salt, nutrient, enzyme, hormone, waste, proteins (albumins, globulins, fibrinogen for clotting)

Front 21

red blood cells

Back 21

99% of blood cells; transport O2 and CO2; produced in red bone marrow; live 120 days; no nuclei or organelles; 250 billion made per day

Front 22

hemoglobin

Back 22

protein to hold O2

Front 23

platelets

Back 23

proteins and cell fragments to assist clotting

Front 24

clotting

Back 24

break in capillary wall =>
platelets clump in wound; prothrombrin converted to thrombrin enzyme =>
thrombrin converts fibrinogen to fibrin, which is fibrous and clots the wound

Front 25

function of nervous system

Back 25

monitor change in/around body; process and interpret information collected; effect response

Front 26

central nervous system

Back 26

brain and spinal cord; recieves electrice impulses as info to process and analyze

Front 27

peripheral nervous system

Back 27

nerves stemming from central nervous system; recieve info, and send commands from central nervous system

Front 28

cerebrum

Back 28

largest part of brain; involved in voluntary action and memory; can be split in two hemispheres

Front 29

cerebellum

Back 29

at back of ckull, base of brain; balance and posture

Front 30

brain stem/thalamus/ hypothalamus

Back 30

connects brain to spinal cord; controls involuntary actions (not reflexes)

Front 31

dopamin

Back 31

pleasure, movement

Front 32

serotonins

Back 32

happiness, mood, causes depression if blocked

Front 33

endorphins

Back 33

inibit pain

Front 34

digestive system

Back 34

convert food to simpler molecules for cellular absorption

Front 35

mouth

Back 35

mehcnanical and chemical digestion (teeth and enzymes)

Front 36

esophagus

Back 36

moves food to stomach

Front 37

epiglottis

Back 37

covers trachea while eating

Front 38

peristalsis

Back 38

wave-like motion of muscles pushing food down esophagus

Front 39

cardiac sphincter

Back 39

closes after food to prevent acid in the esophagus; if not working, heartburn

Front 40

stomach

Back 40

chemical digestion (pepsin for proteins); can't digest carbs because the enzymes don't work in the low pH; chyme comes out

Front 41

small intestine

Back 41

chemical breakdown and absorption

Front 42

duodenum

Back 42

mixes chyme with enxymes and digestive juices from the liver, pancreas, and intestine lining

Front 43

jejunum and ileum

Back 43

absorb food

Front 44

villi

Back 44

finger like, blood vessel absorbs nutrient

Front 45

colon

Back 45

only water, cellulos, and indigestibles left, removed via excretory system

Front 46

heliobacter pylori

Back 46

bacteria eat stomach lining, causing peptic ulcers

Front 47

diarrhea

Back 47

interference with water absorption from colon

Front 48

constipation

Back 48

too much water absorption from colon

Front 49

endocrine system

Back 49

delivers messages via secretions of hormones into the blood, which bind to receters on target cells

Front 50

gland

Back 50

organ to secrete

Front 51

exocrine

Back 51

secretion released via ducts, i.e. tears, sweat, digestive juice

Front 52

endocrine

Back 52

released into blood, thyroxin, insulin, estrogen, testosterone

Front 53

pituitary gland

Back 53

at base of skull, secretes nine hormones including growth, antidiuretic, oxytoci, and prolactin

Front 54

hypothalamus (endocrine)

Back 54

controls pituitary gland

Front 55

thyroid

Back 55

near trachea, regulates metabolism

Front 56

thyroxin

Back 56

hormone regulating metabolism

Front 57

hypothyroidism

Back 57

lack of energy, weight gain, goiter

Front 58

hyperthyroidism

Back 58

nervousness, elevated temperature, weight loss

Front 59

adrenal gland

Back 59

releases stress hormones for flight or flight response (adrenal medulla)

Front 60

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Back 60

increase O2 flow so cells increas ATP production for superhuman feats

Front 61

pancreas

Back 61

located near intestine

Front 62

insulin

Back 62

cells remove sugar from bloodstream

Front 63

glucagon

Back 63

cells break down glycogen and release glucose

Front 64

gonads

Back 64

produce gametes and secrete sex hormones; testes and ovaries