Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Define Anatomy
|
Anatomy is defined as:
A CUTTING OPEN |
|
|
What does an anatomist do?
|
Anatomists focus on:
KEY STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS -- how femur connects to hip bone --- how arteries connect to heart |
|
|
What does a physiologist do?
|
Physiologists study
Key FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS: How all functional characteristics of the body are inter-related and how specific functions are carried out by specific structures. (Skeleton articulates muscles; Nervous system tells skeleton to articulate.) |
|
|
Define "Pathos"
|
PATHOS means SUFFERING
|
|
|
The 3 Types of microscopic anatomy are (CHE):
|
Examples of microscopic anatomy are:
Cytology (study of cells) Histology (study of microscopic anatomy) Endocrinology |
|
|
What are the simplest living building blocks
|
What are the simplest living building blocks?
CELLS |
|
|
What is Human Physiology?
|
What is Human Physiology?
The STUDY OF the FUNCTIONS of the HUMAN BODY |
|
|
The 5 Levels of organization of an organism are:
|
The 5 Levels of Organism Organization Are:
1. Chemical 2. Cellular 3. Tissue 4. Organs 5. Organ Systems |
|
|
Organ Systems Have 12 Levels:
|
The First 6 Organ Systems Are:
1. Integumentary 2. Skeletal 3. Muscular 4. Nervous 5. Endocrine 6. Cardiovascular |
|
|
The Second 6 Organ Systems Are
|
The Second 6 Organ Systems Are:
1. Lymphatic 2. Respiratory 3. Digestive 4. Urinary 5. Female Reproductive 6. Male Reproductive |
|
|
Structure determines ___________.
|
Structure determines FUNCTION.
|
|
|
All physiological jobs are carried out by specific ___________.
|
All physiological jobs are carried out by SPECIFIC STRUCTURES.
|
|
|
Any structural changes can alter ________________.
|
Any structural changes can alter CORRESPONDING FUNCTIONS.
|
|
|
Homeostasis is necessary for ______.
|
Homeostasis is necessary for LIFE.
|
|
|
Define Homeostasis.
|
Define Homeostasis:
Homeo = UNCHANGING (home) Stasis = CONSTANT |
|
|
Homeostasis is reached by ---
|
Homeostasis is reached by ---
ADJUSTING PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO CHANGES IN THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT. |
|
|
What is the smallest unit of matter?
|
What is the smallest unit of matter?
An ATOM |
|
|
What do molecules do?
|
What do molecules do?
MOLECULES INTERACT TO FORM ORGANELLES. |
|
|
What do organelles do?
|
What do organelles do?
Organelles are molecular compounds that have functional properties. Ex: PROTEIN FILAMENTS ARE ORGANELLES THAT INDUCE MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS OF THE HEART. |
|
|
What does (ACHOO!) an histologist do?
|
EXAMINES STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF TISSUES.
|
|
|
Homeostasis is the tendency toward --
|
Homeostasis is the tendency toward --
INTERNAL BALANCE |
|
|
What Two types of Somatic Regulation make Homeostasis Possible?
|
The 2 Types of Homeostatic Regulation Are.
1.INTRINSIC/AUTOREGULATION VIA CELLULAR ADJUSTMENT: When oxygen goes down, chemicals release that dilate blood vessels. USES HORMONES. EFFECTS CAN LAST DAYS/WEEKS. Ex: adjustment of organ functions during starvation. 2. EXTRINSIC REGULATION VIA NERVOUS OR ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS. Ex: increased heart rate during exercise. USES RAPID, SHORT-TERM RESPONSES. |
|
|
The 3 Components of Either Intrinsic or Extrinsic Homeostatic Regulation Are:
|
The 3 Components of Homeostatic Regulation Are:
1. Receptor (receives input) 2. Control Center (sends commands to) 3. Effector (responds to stumuli to return to homeostasis). |
|
|
Which mechanism of homeostatic regulation involves nervous system?
|
Which mechanism of homeostatic regulation involves nervous system? EXTRINSIC REGULATION
|
|
|
Why is homeostatic regulation important to an organism?
|
To function normally, physiological systems must stay within a normal range. Homeostasis controls conditions so the systems stay within their normal ranges and function optimally.
|
|
|
What is negative feedback?
|
What is negative feedback?
A somatic response to regain homeostasis by negating a change in the environment. Ex: sweating to bring an overheated organism back to its normal temperature range |
|
|
What is positive feedback?
|
What is positive feedback?
Exagerating or enhancing a change in condition rather than opposing it. Ex. Clotting accelerates quickly until bleeding stops. |
|
|
Define Equilibrium
|
Define Equilibrium --
When two opposing forces are in balance. |
|
|
When a body continuously adapts to changes by utilizing homeostatic systems, it is in a state of _______ equilibrium
|
When a body continuously adapts to changes by utilizing homeostatic systems, it is in a state of DYNAMIC equilibrium.
|
|
|
Organ systems most commonly function through _______ feedback systems.
|
Organ systems most commonly function through NEGATIVE feedback systems.
|
|
|
Changes in any one system will affect others, so __________ changes will have to be made.
|
Changes in any one system will affect others, so COMPENSATORY changes will have to be made.
|
|
|
The goal of physiological systems is to maintain a state of ______ _______.
|
The goal of physiological systems is to maintain a state of DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM.
|
|
|
Integrated systems maintain a body's internal vital conditions within a ______ _____ in absence of disease.
|
Integrated systems maintain a body's internal vital conditions within a NORMAL RANGE in absence of disease.
|
|
|
Buccal means ____.
|
Buccal means CHEEK
|
|
|
Axillary means _______.
|
Axillary means ARMPIT.
|
|
|
Brachial means ________.
|
Brachial means ARM.
|
|
|
Antebrachial means _______.
|
Antebrachial means FOREARM.
|
|
|
Antecubital means _______.
|
Antecubital means FRONT OF ELBOW.
|
|
|
Oh, Bollox! I hit my Pollex with the hammer. Pollex means ______.
|
Pollex means THUMB.
|
|
|
Digits (fingers & toes) means ________.
|
Digits means PHALANGES.
|
|
|
It is cruel when you bang this part of your leg against the edge of a table. Crural means ___________.
|
Crural means FRONT OF LEG (SHIN).
|
|
|
Hell, I stubbed my Hallux! Hallux means _____ _____.
|
Hallux means GREAT TOE.
|
|
|
You can always cry on my acromial any time. Acromial means _____.
|
Acromial means SHOULDER.
|
|
|
It's not funny when you bang this part of your arm on the table. Olecranal means ________.
|
Olecranal means BACK OF ELBOW.
|
|
|
It's not a lion, but a _____. Lumbar means ______.
|
Lumbar means LOIN.
|
|
|
Unlike the front of the knee, the popliteal won't pop out. Popliteal means ___________
|
Popliteal means BACK OF KNEE.
|
|
|
Overdeveloping this part of the leg makes women look masculine. Sural means _________.
|
Sural means CALF.
|
|
|
Calcaneal means __________.
|
Calcaneal means HEEL OF FOOT.
|
|
|
Lower limb means __________.
|
Lower limb means HIPS, LEGS AND FEET.
|
|
|
What is the purpose of anatomical terms?
|
What is the purpose of anatomical terms?
PROVIDES COMMON POINT OF REFERENCE. |
|
|
Describe an anterior and posterior view.
|
Describe an anterior and posterior view.
Anterior - SEEN FROM THE FRONT. Posterior - SEEN FROM THE BACK. |
|
|
Any slice through a 3-dimensional object can be referenced to three sectional _______.
|
Any slice through a 3-dimensional object can be referenced to THREE
SECTIONAL PLANES. |
|
|
What is a plane?
|
What is a plane?
AN AXIS. |
|
|
How many planes are needed to describe a 3-dimensional object?
|
How many planes are needed to describe a 3-dimensional object?
THREE. |
|
|
What three planes are needed to describe a 3-dimensional object?
|
What three planes are needed to describe a 3-dimensional object?
1. TRANSVERSE (CROSS-SECTION). 2. FRONTAL (CORONAL, PARALLEL TO LONG AXIS.) 3. SAGITTAL (PARALLEL TO LONG AXIS. |
|
|
Define DISTAL.
|
Define DISTAL.
AWAY FROM AN ATTACHED BASE Moving distally from the elbow brings you to the wrist. Your fingers are distal to the wrist. |
|
|
Define Lateral.
|
Define LATERAL.
AWAY FROM MIDSAGITAL PLANE (LONGITUDINAL AXIS). Moving laterally from the nose brings you to your cheeks. |
|
|
Define MEDIAL.
|
Define MEDIAL.
TOWARD THE MIDSAGITALL PLANE (MIDSAGITAL AXIS). The medial surface of the thighs may be in contact. Moving medially from the arm across the chest brings you to the sternum. |
|
|
Define PROXIMAL.
|
Define PROXIMAL.
TOWARD AN ATTACHED BASE Moving proximally from the wrist brings you to the elbow. The thigh is proximal to the foot. |
|
|
Define SUPERIOR.
|
Define SUPERIOR.
HIGHER LEVEL TOWARD HEAD. In humans, the cranial border of the pelvis is superior to the thigh. |
|
|
Define PARASAGITAL
|
A MIDSAGITAL SECTION OF UNEQUAL PORTIONS of the R & L sides of body.
|
|
|
Define MIDSAGITAL.
|
Define MIDSAGITAL.
DIVIDES BODY INTO EQUAL R & L PARTS. |
|
|
Define SAGITTAL.
|
Define SAGITTAL
SEPARATES R & L PORTIONS. You examine a sagital section, and section sagitally. |
|
|
Define TRANSVERSE/HORIZONTAL.
|
Define TRANSVERSE/HORIZONTAL
SEPARATES UPPER AND LOWER PORTIONS OF THE BODY. |
|
|
A TRANSVERSE/HORIZONTAL SECTION is also called a ----
|
A TRANSVERSE/HORIZONTAL SECTION is also called a ---- CROSS-SECTION.
|
|
|
What is the function of body cavities?
|
Body Cavities PROTECT ORGANS and ALLOW THEM TO CHANGE SHAPE.
Ex:Expansion/contraction of lungs, bladder, stomach and intestines without bothering nearby organs. |
|
|
What does the diaphragm do?
|
THE DIAPHRAGM SEPARATES THE THORACIC CAVITY FROM THE ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY.
|
|
|
What does the Thoracic cavity contain/protect?
|
PERICARDIAL CAVITY (containing heart).
PLEURAL (lung) cavaties. The MEDIASTINUM, separating them. |
|
|
Where is the pericardial cavity found?
|
IN THE THORACIC CAVITY.
|
|
|
What 3 Things does the Abdominopelvic Cavity contain?
|
What does the Abdominopelvic Cavity contain?
PERITONEAL Cavity ABDOMINAL Cavity.(bladder, reproductive organs, last part of digestive tract.) PELVIC Cavity. |
|
|
What 2 Things surround the Thoracic Cavity?
|
CHEST WALL AND DIAPHRAGM.
|
|
|
What is in Thoracic Cavity?
|
The Thoracic Cavity Contains
TWO PLEURAL CAVITIES (R&L) MEDIASTINUM (trachea, esophagus) PERICARDIAL CAVITY (heart) |
|
|
What is the function of the Ventral Body Cavity?
|
The Ventral Cavity
PROTECTS ORGANS ALLOWS ORGAN MOVEMENT LININGS PREVENT FRICTION |
|
|
The Ventral Body Cavity Contains --
|
The Ventral Body Cavity Contains
1. THE DIAPHRAGM -- Separating the Thoracic Cavity >Two Pleural Cavities and the Mediastinum >The PERICARDIUM (heart) 3. The ABDOMINOPELVIC Cavity >Abdomino Cavity >Pelvic Cavity >Peritoneal Cavity |
|
|
What are viscera?
|
Viscera are the
ORGANS CONTAINED IN BODY CAVITIES. |
