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95 Cards in this Set
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COPY LINK: http://i108.photobucket.com/albums/n16/goldenchild_05/More%20stuff/11.jpg
What is this? |
Yeast with budding forms and pseudohyphae
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What is this?
COPY LINK: http://i108.photobucket.com/albums/n16/goldenchild_05/More%20stuff/10.jpg |
White blood cells
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What is this?
COPY LINK: http://i108.photobucket.com/albums/n16/goldenchild_05/More%20stuff/9.jpg |
Transitional Epithilial cells
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What is this?
Copy Link: http://i108.photobucket.com/albums/n16/goldenchild_05/More%20stuff/8.jpg |
Swollen Red blood cells
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What is this?
Copy link: http://i108.photobucket.com/albums/n16/goldenchild_05/More%20stuff/7.jpg |
Squamous Epithelial cells
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What is this?
Copy link: http://i108.photobucket.com/albums/n16/goldenchild_05/More%20stuff/6.jpg |
Spermatozoa
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What is this?
Copy link: http://i108.photobucket.com/albums/n16/goldenchild_05/More%20stuff/5.jpg |
Renal tubular eipithelial cells
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What is this?
Copy link: http://i108.photobucket.com/albums/n16/goldenchild_05/More%20stuff/4.jpg |
Normal red blood cells
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What is this?
Copy link: http://i108.photobucket.com/albums/n16/goldenchild_05/More%20stuff/3.jpg |
Crenated red blood cells
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What is this?
Copy link: http://i108.photobucket.com/albums/n16/goldenchild_05/More%20stuff/2.jpg |
Clue cells
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What is this?
Copy link: http://i108.photobucket.com/albums/n16/goldenchild_05/More%20stuff/1.jpg |
Bacteria
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The purposes of examining urine microscopcially
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1. Detect cellular elements, crytals, and casts in the urine that may be diagnotic for renal, urinary tract, and other diseases
2. Always check reults against physical and chemical test results 3. Microscopics are not done on all urines |
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How to prepare a urine sediment
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1. Use a fresh or well mixed sample
2. Centrifuge 10-15mL for 5 min 3. Decant the supernatant 4. Place one drop on slide 5. Coverslip and look under low power (10x) on low light 6. Examine 10 fields 7. Change to a high power (40x) |
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Power of light used when viewing RBCs and WBCs
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High power
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Power of light used when viewing casts
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Low power
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Cellular elements include:
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RBCs
WBCs Epithelial cells Bacteria Yeast Parasites Mucus Oval fat bodies Sperm |
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Type of casts include
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Hyaline
Cellular Fatty Granular Waxy Broad |
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Types of crystals
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Amorphous
Calcium oxalate Calcium phosphate Calcium carbonate Tyrosine Bilirubin Radiographic dyes Uric acid Drug |
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The physical description of red blood cells and what can affect its appearance
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Colorless bi-concave/no nucleus
Environment of the urine |
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Hypotonic urine
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Dilute (filled with water) causes swelling and lysis
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Hypertonic urine
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Concentrated/ causes CRENATION
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What RBCs can be confused with
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Yeast and oil droplets
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The percentage of acetic acid that will lyse RBCs but not yeast, oil droplets, or WBCs
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2% acetic acid and dipstick should be positive for blood
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The abnormal range of RBCs found in the urine and what can occur as a result?
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More than 2 per HPF
Glomerular damage Trauma to kidney Stones, infection, tumor Hematuria form menstration |
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If the dipstick is negative for blood, but other test proof otherwise, what's going on?
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Hemoglobin and myoglobin
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Physical description of white blood cells
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Larger than RBCs
Granular Nucleus usually lobed Most likely neutrophils |
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The percentage of acetic acid that will emphasized WBCs
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2% of acetic acid
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WBCs in hypotonic alkaline urine
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The nuclear lobes may fuse and appear as one large lobe
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The physical description of red blood cells and what can affect its appearance
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Colorless bi-concave/no nucleus
Environment of the urine |
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Hypotonic urine
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Dilute (filled with water) causes swelling and lysis
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Hypertonic urine
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Concentrated/ causes CRENATION
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What RBCs can be confused with
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Yeast and oil droplets
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The percentage of acetic acid that will lyse RBCs but not yeast, oil droplets, or WBCs
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2% acetic acid and dipstick should be positive for blood
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The abnormal range of RBCs found in the urine and what can occur as a result?
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More than 2 per HPF
Glomerular damage Trauma to kidney Stones, infection, tumor Hematuria form menstration |
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If the dipstick is negative for blood, but other test proof otherwise, what's going on?
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Hemoglobin and myoglobin
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Physical description of white blood cells
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Larger than RBCs
Granular Nucleus usually lobed Most likely neutrophils |
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The percentage of acetic acid that will emphasized WBCs
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2% of acetic acid
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WBCs in hypotonic alkaline urine
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The nuclear lobes may fuse and appear as one large lobe
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WBC physical description
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Larger than RBC
Granular Nucleus usually lobed Neutrophil mostly |
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2% acetic acid does what to WBCs?
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The nucleus is emphasized
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What happens in a WBC hypotonic solutions?
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The nuclear lobes may fuse and appear as one large lobe
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Glitter cells
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Cells swell and movement of cytoplasmic granules become evident
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Normal range of WBCs found in urine
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0-5/HPF
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Increased numbers of WBCs (pyuria) indicate:
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Infection (cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis)
Inflammation Kidney transplant rejection |
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Presence of WBCs. What should the dipstick be positive for?
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Leukocyte esterase
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Epithelial cell definition
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Cells lining the urinary tract from the proximal tubule to the urethra
Squamous, transitional, renal tubular |
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Squamous cells physical description
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Large, flat, irregular
Lines lower portion of genitourinary tract Edges may folded or rolled Small central nucleus Abundant cytoplasm |
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The presence of squamous cells results from
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Normal sloughing
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Clue cells
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Squamous epi covered with bacteria, consistent with Gardnerella vaginitis (coccobacillus), usually seen from a vaginal swab
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Transitional epithelial cells description
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Round, pear-shaped
2-4x larger than WBCs Centrally located nucleus May have tail-like projection (caudate) Lines upper urethra, bladder up to the pelvis of the kidney Few passed normally Seen in clumps Increased in infection after catherization |
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Renal tubular epithelial cells description
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Found in the nephrons
1-2x larger than a WBC Single round, eccentrically placed nucleus Lines tubules and collecting ducts |
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How much renal tubular epis are too much?
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Greater than 2/HPF
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The presence of Renal tubular epithelial cells indicates:
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Tubular necrosis due to viral infection, exposure to drugs or toxins or renal graft rejection
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Oval fat bodies
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RTE cells filled with fat droplets. As lipids pass through a DAMAGED glomerular membrane, the renal cells absorb the fats
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Presence of oval fat bodies indicates
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Nephrotic syndrome seen with free floating fat droplets
Maltese cross formation indicates CHOLESTEROL |
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If you have RBCs in your pee, you have what?
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Glomerular damage
Trauma to kidney STones Hematuria |
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Acute Glomerulernephritis is?
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An infection with strains of group A beta strep
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What you find in AGN?
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RBCs and RBCs casts
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Nephrotic syndrome caused by?
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Circulatory disorders and complication of the glomerulernephritis
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What's in neprotic syndrome?
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Fatty casts, oval fat bodies, cholesterol crystals
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Tubular Necrosis is caused by?
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Insufficient blood supply
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What's in tubular necrosis
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Renal epis and casts, waxy or broad cast if there is renal failure
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Types of UTIs
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Pyelonephritis and cystitis
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What's in peylonephritis?
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WBCs WBC casts
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Where is pyelonephritis?
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Upper part of bladder
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What's in cystitis?
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WBs
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What causes renal disorders?
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malfunction Tubular reabsorption
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PKU is accumilation of?
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Phenylalanine and its metabolites
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How do you screen PKU?
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Guthrie Bacterial Inibition
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What does PKU do?
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Cause mental retardation
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Tyrosyluria is an accumilation of what?
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Tyrosine
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What's in Tyrosyluria?
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Tyrosine and leucine
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Where does tyrosyluria do damage?
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liver
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Melanuria is an accumulation of what?
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Melanin-producing cells
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Alkaptonuria is an accumilation of what?
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Homogentisic acid in the blood
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What bad does alkaptonuria do?
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Causes arthitis, liver and cardiac conditions
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Porphyrin is the accumlilation of what?
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Heme
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When will you se hemosiderin inclusions
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2-3 days after bad episodes of severe intrvascular hemolysis
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Bad reasons for RBCs in your pee
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Mentrual contamination
Glomerulonephritis Trauma, tumor, or stones |
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Why WBCs shouldn't be in your pee?
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Infection
Inflammation Pyelonephritis Transplant rejection |
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Squamous Epi why its bad for pee
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Contamination
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Why transitional epis are bad for your pee
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Infection
Catherization |
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Renal tubular epis are bad cause?
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Tubular necrosis
Glomerulonephritis (yeah, like RBCs0 Toxins or viral infections |
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Oval fatty patty bodies is bad cause?
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Nephrotic syndrome
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If you have bacteria, what do you look for on the dipstick?
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Motility and nitrite positive on the dipstick
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Yeast is seen in conjunction with what cells?
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WBCs
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Yeast is present in people with what?
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Diabetes
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Most commom yeast?
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Candida
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What makes crystals be so crystally?
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Pee temperature
Pee concentration Pee pH THE MOST IMPORTANT |
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The ACID crystals
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Amorphous urates
Uric Acid CALCIUM OXALATE |
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The BASIC crystals
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Amorphous phosphates
Calcium phosphates Triple phosphate Calcium carbonate Ammonium biurate |
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BAD ACID crystal
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Tyrosine
Leucine Cystine Bilirubin Cholesterol |
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Tyrosine is in what disease?
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Liver yo dawg
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Bilirubin is lyk wht color?
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ICK!!!tear ICK!!!
yellow |
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What cholesterol cyrstals look lyk
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IMMA KNOCK YOU CHORLETAHEAD SO IT LOOK LYK IZ ALL NOTCHED YOU CRZY!!!
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