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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tissues |
Similar structure and function Four types - connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous In some organs, the tissues are layered |
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Connective Tissue |
Collagen Elastin Blood, fat, and bone is included in this |
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Homeostasis |
Maintaining an internal environment despite a changing external environment Set point (hypothalamus, negative feedback)\ Thermoregulation |
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Bioenergetics |
Flow of energy through animal (food input, energy production) Can limit an animal's behavior, growth, and reproduction |
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Metabolic Rate |
Quantifies energy use O2 consumed or CO2 produced Heat production An animal's use of energy - partitioned to BMR, activity, homeostasis, growth and reproduction |
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Endotherms |
Birds and mammals Bodies warmed by heat generated by metabolism Typically higher metabolic rates |
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Ectotherms |
Most amphibians and reptiles External heat sources Can tolerate greater changes in temperature Lower metabolic rates |
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Temperature Control |
Homeotherms - constant body temp (humans, birds) Poikilotherms - body temp changes with environment (reptiles) Metabolic rate affected by body size and activity Animals exchange heat with the environment |
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Thermoregulation Adaptations |
Insulation to reduce flow of heat between animal and environment (blubber) |
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Vasodilation |
Blood flow in the skin increases For heat loss |
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Vasoconstriction |
Blood flow in the skin decreases Heat conservation |
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Cooling |
Panting Sweat (evaporation of water) |
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Torpor and Energy Conservation |
Torpor enables animals to save energy while avoiding difficult and dangerous conditions Activity is low and metabolism decreases |
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Hibernation |
Long-term torpor Adaptation to cold and food scarcity Animal's body temp declines |
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Estivation |
Summer torpor Enables animals to survive high temps and scarce water supplies |
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Daily Torpor |
Many small mammals and birds Adapted to their feeding patterns |
