Body As Host Test #3 Gram Positive Bacilli

Front 1

Corynebacterium:
1. Aerobic?
2. Size?
3. What does it cause?

Back 1

1. Aerobic & facultative

2. Small and pleomorphic

3. Diptheria (rarely seen b/c of vaccinations)

Front 2

Corynebacterium:
1. What species are we concerned with?

Back 2

C. diphtheriae: Produces powerful exotoxin

D.Toxin: A-B toxin inhibits protein synthesis

Front 3

Listeria monocytogenes:
1. Hemolysis?
2. How are people often infected?
3. Unique transmission?
4. Conditions for growth?

Back 3

1. Beta hemolytic

2. Soft cheeses

3. Mother to infant (can cross placental barrier)

4. Low temperature.

Front 4

Listeria monocytogenes:
Molecular mechanism of pathogenesis:
1. How does it invade and survive?
2. What proteins are involved in the initial invasion into cells?***
3. What proteins are involved in the spread into other cells?***

Back 4

1. In macrophages

2. Internalin

3. Listeriolysin O (LLO) & ActA

In neighboring cells it will have a double membrane

Front 5

Bacillus:
1. Aerobic?
2. Main problem species?
3. Prevention?

Back 5

1. Aerobic or facultative (adapts to aerobic or anaerobic conditions)

2. Bacillus anthracis-very resistant spore & strong exotoxins

3. L. Pasteur created the first ever vaccine using attenuated strain, lost plasmid for toxin production

Front 6

What are Koch's postulates?

Back 6

1. Isolate from diseased population
2. No disease, no bacteria
3. If you cure the population with the disease, you cure the bacteria
4. Reinnoculate in population w/o bacteria -> they will develop the disease

Front 7

What is a limitation of Koch's postulates?

Back 7

What if you have opportunistic or multiple pathogenic bacteria?

Front 8

Lactobacilli:
1. How are they beneficial?
2. How are they harmful?
3. Aerobic?

Back 8

1. In urogenital tract they lower pH to prevent the growth of other, harmful, bacteria

2. In oral cavity they are cariogenic

3. Aerobic and Facultative anaerobic

Front 9

Clostridia:
1. Size? Spores? Aerobic?
2. 4 major species?
3. What is its gram positive counterpart?

Back 9

1. Large, spore-forming, anaerobic

2. C.perfringens, tetani, botulinum, difficile

3. E.coli

Front 10

C.perfringens:
1. What type of toxins?
2. How is it contracted?
3. Hemolysis?

Back 10

1. Histotoxins

2. Common food borne illness in developed countries (meat, stew, soup, gravy)

3. Double-zone hemolysis (two areas of clearance on agar plate)

Front 11

C.tenani:
1. What type of toxin?
2. What does it cause?

Back 11

1. Neurotoxin

2. Tetanus

Front 12

C.botulinum:
1. What type of toxin?
2. Potency?
3. What conditions/foods?

Back 12

1. Neurotoxin

2. Most potent toxin known in nature

3. Alkaline conditions/green beans, mushrooms, fish

Front 13

C.difficle:
1. What type of toxin?
2. Relapse?
3. Relationship with ecosystem?

Back 13

1. Primarily enterotoxin (also cytotoxin)

2. Relapsing rate=20%

3. Antibiotic associated bacteria-Kills commensal bacteria

Front 14

Actinomyces:
1. Oral cavity involvement?
2. Description of growth?
3. Description?
4. Aerobic?

Back 14

1. Early colonizer of plaque

2. Tree-like branching growth

3. Filamentous

4. Microarophillic & anaerobic

Front 15

Mycobacteria:
1. Aerobic? Spores?
2. Hydorphilic or Hydrophobic?
3. Stainable?
4. 2 major species?

Back 15

1. Strict aerobe, no spores,

2. Hydrophobic

3. Tough to stain. *Acid Fastness* distinguishes it from other bacteria

4. M.tuberculosis & M.leprae

Front 16

Mycobacteria tuberulosis:
1. Path of infection?
2. Transmission?
3. What is required for growth?
4. PPD?
5. Prevention?
6. Treatment?

Back 16

1. Grows inside macrophages, disseminate to blood stream and lymph nodes

2. Aerosol

3. CO2

4. Purified Protein Derivatives of tuberculin (immune response to PPD may suggest previous infection)

5. BCG vaccine is a live attenuated derivative of M.bovis

6. Multi-drug regimen

Front 17

Mycobacteria leprae:
1. Infection of what?
2. What are the 2 forms?

Back 17

1. Chronic infection of skin and peripheral nerves

2. Tuberculoid form and lepromatous form

Front 18

Cornyebacterium diphtheriae:
What type of toxins?

Back 18

Exotoxin.

Front 19

DT:
What type of toxins?

Back 19

AB toxin.