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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How much does a normal kidney weigh?
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120 to 150 grams each.
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The visceral epithelial cells of Bowman's space = what?
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The podocytes.
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What is the function of the mesangium of the kidney?
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To anchor the capillary loops of the glomerular tufts in place.
Also have contractile functions to help control the size/pressures of the capillary loops. Also antigen presentation, phagocytosis, secretion of inflammatory mediators/cytokines |
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c/c the cell lining of the arterioles and the tubules of the kidney
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The arterioles are lined with flattened endothelium, while the arterioles are lined with epithelium.
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What types of cells line the proximal tubule?
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Cuboidal epithelial cells with a brush border.
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What types of cells line the distal tubules?
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Cells with no brush border and have a flatter cuboidal lining.
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What stain is used to visualize basement membranes?
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Silver stain
Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain |
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The endothelium of the glomerular capillaries is ____________.
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The endothelium of the glomerular capillaries is FENESTRATED.
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The glomerular basement membrane has what charge?
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Negative
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What types of particles are able to be filtered in the kidney?
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Small, positively charged molecules
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In a normal kidney, what should the interstitium of the kidney look like?
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It should be negligible - there should be hardly any space between tubules.
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Approximately how many nephrons does a kidney have?
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About 2,000,000.
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What are the three main indications to get a kidney biopsy?
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1. Blood in the urine.
2. Protein in the urine. 3. Elevated serum creatinine. |
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Trichrome stains show what on a kidney biopsy?
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Presence of fibrosis.
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What are two substances that are metabolized in the kidney?
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Lactate
Insulin |
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What are the symptoms associated with uremia?
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Itching
Sleep disturbance Somnolence Anorexia Nausea Anemia Neuropathy |
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c/c pre-renal disease and post-renal disease.
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Pre-renal: reduced blood flow to the kidneys.
Post-renal: renal parenchymal diseases, obstruction of outflow from the kidneys. |
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What is a normal amout of protein excreted in the urine each day?
What do elevated values point to? |
< 200 mg/day.
> 2 g/day = glomerular disease > 3.5 g/day = nephrotic syndrome |
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Renal parenchymal disease that produce hematuria are called what?
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Nephritic.
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Hematuria, hypertension, edema, reduced kidney function = ?
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The nephritic syndrome.
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