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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the WHO bone density criteria for osteoporosis?
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BMD > or = to 2.5 standard deviation points less than young normal controls
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What is the BMD for osteopenia?
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Between 1 and 2 standard deviation points
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How is Bone Mineral Density measured?
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With Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the hip and vertebrae. (Note that if the patient has a collapsed vertebra, that the density scan may be abnormally high)
Measured as grams of mineral per square cm (g/cm2) |
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What is a limitation of the DXA scan?
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It's based on an area measurement (not volume)
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What is the T-score?
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The T-score is a score that relates a person's BMD to young, normal adults of the same sex.
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Doctors should not use T-scores for which types of patients?
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Pre-menopausal women
Men under 50 Children |
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What is the prevalence of osteoporosis?
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1 in 2 Caucasian women and 1 n 5 men will have an osteoporosis related fracture
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What are some general indications for BMD testing in women and men?
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Women 65 or older, men 70 or older.
Younger post-menopausal women and men 50-69 years with increased risk of osteoporosis Adults with fractures after 50 and more... |
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Consider treatment for osteoporosis in patients with what?
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Verebral/hip fractures
T-scores less than -2.5 Also check WHO 10 year fracture probability |
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Osteoporosis: non-medical interventions
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Environmental modifications to decrease fall risk
Hip pad protectors Weight bearing exercise |
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Factors to consider in management of osteoporosis
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1. Weight bearing exercise
2. Reduction of risk factors 3. Nutrient intake 4. Pharmacologic therapies |
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Osteoporosis: risk factor reduction
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1. Meds review: (lowest possible dose of steroids)
2. Smoking cessation 3. Treatment for alcohol abuse 4. Environmental safety |
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Why should calcium supplements be taken with food?
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The calcium requires acid to become soluble
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Osteoporosis: Pharmalogic therapies
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- Estrogen
- SERMs (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators) - Bisphosphonates - Calcitonin - Parathyroid Hormone Analog (1-34 PTH) |
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Bisphosphonates: AE
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GI distress
Erosive esophagitis |
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Don't give what medication with kidney disease.
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Fossamax
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Widow's hump
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Compression fracture of vertebrae
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