Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the four main factors that are involved in the development of acne?
|
1. Epidermal proliferation in the follicle leading to follicle plugging.
2. Increased sebum production (mediated by androgens, made in testes, ovaries, adrenal glands, and within sebaceous glands themselves) 3. P. acnes bacteria 4. Inflammation |
|
|
When are androgens the highest?
|
During the first 6 months of life (because of an immature adrenal gland, normalizes around 12 months, can trigger infantile acne)
With the onset of puberty |
|
|
What are some examples of hyperadrenergic states in women? (4)
|
1. Polycystic ovarian syndrome
2. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 3. Perimenstrual hormone fluctuations 4. Adult women tend to have a greater hormonal component to their acne and can get acne in the beard area |
|
|
What are the basic stages of pathogenesis of acne?
|
1. Microcomedone forms due to proliferation and inc stickiness of the corneocyctes, androgens stimulate sebum production.
2. Keratin and sebum accumulate and form a plug in the upper infundibulum. (lesion is still non inflammatory) 3. Increased pressure leads to rupture of the comedo wall. Sebum and keratin extrude causing inflammation. Presence of P. acnes increases inflammation. |
|
|
What is the lay name for whiteheads?
|
Closed comedones, can't see follicular opening
|
|
|
What is the lay name for blackheads?
|
Open comedones, can see follicular opening, filled with a keratin plug.
|
|
|
What is acne mechanica?
|
Frictional or mechanical obstruction of the follicular opening. (Hats, helmets, violin chin rests, chin straps)
|
|
|
Acne: txt
|
Topical:
- Benzoyl peroxide (anti-bacteria, anti-inflammatory) - ABX - Retinoids (retin-A, differin, tazorac, anti-inflammatory, affect development of the comedone) Oral: - ABX - Retinoids (accutane, targets sebum production) - Hormonal therapy (OCPs, spironolactone) |
|
|
HPV is what type of virus?
|
Papovavirus:
- Double-stranded - Naked (no envelope) - DNA viruses - Slow growing - More than 100 types |
|
|
Which strains of HPV cause genital warts? Cervical cancer?
|
Genital warts: 6, 11
Cervical cancer: 16, 18 |
|
|
Which strains of HPV cause common warts?
|
1, 5
|
|
|
What skin layer does HPV infect?
|
The epidermis/mucosa only
|
|
|
Histologically, what effects does HPV cause?
|
Proliferation and hyperkeratosis (accumulation of keratin)
|
|
|
What is a myrmecia?
|
A deep inflammed wart
|
|
|
What type of non-genital cancer is associated with HPV?
|
Periungual squamous cell carcinoma (16, 18)
Seen in immunocompromised |
|
|
Wart histopathology
|
Hyperkeratosis with columns of parakeratosis
Increased granular cell layer Increased capillaries in the papillary dermis (correspond to the black dots [thrombosed capillaries] you can see in plantar warts) |
|
|
Warts: txt
|
Most eventually self-regress
Topical: - Cryotherapy - Cantharadin: blistering agent from the blistering beetle - Imiquimod (Aldara): topical immune modulator Surgery Laser Oral cimetidine, ranitidine ? Duct tape |
|
|
What causes Molluscum Contagiosum?
|
MCV - Molluscum contagiosum virus
A type of poxvirus Transmitted skin to skin |
|
|
______ and molluscum go hand in hand
|
Eczema and molluscum go hand in hand
|
|
|
Molluscum: clinical appearance
|
- Dome shaped, flesh-colored papules
- Central umbilication - May exhibit crusting or erythema if irritated - Molluscum dermatitis: surrounding eczema-like reaction present in about 10% of lesions |
|
|
Molluscum: histopath
|
- Epidermal thickening (acanthosis)
- Cup-shaped - Molluscum bodies present in the spinous layer of epidermis (see pink, glassy cytoplasmic inclusions) |
|
|
Molluscum contagiosum: txt
|
Similar to warts
Benign neglect - most children will have complete clearance in 1-2 years. Topical: - Cryotherapy - Cantharadin HAART therapy in AIDS patients is helpful |
