Bocock Uworld Week 5.5

Front 1

These drugs cause venodilation causing a decrease in LV work by decreasing preload?

Back 1

nitrates

Front 2

This condition can result in transient recurrent pulmonary infiltrates & proximal bronchiectasis in asthma pts?

Back 2

allergic bronchopulmonary apergillosis (ABPA)

Front 3

This process is when Igs switch to other classes and takes place in the germinal centers of lymph nodes?

Back 3

isotype switching

Front 4

AR trinucleotide repeat DO in a gene that codes for frataxin

Back 4

Fredreich ataxia

Front 5

Presents with ataxia, dysarthria, (motor speech DO) with loss of position and vibration sensation?

Back 5

fredreich ataxia

note: MRI will show degeneration of post columns and spinocerebellar tracts

Front 6

What disease can be mimicked by a vitamin E deficiency?

Back 6

Fredreich ataxia

Front 7

The only nerve that exits through the obturator foramen and innervates the adductor muscles of the thigh?

Back 7

obturator nerve

Front 8

Obturator nerve injury would cause weakness to what muscles?

Back 8

adductor muscles of the thigh

Front 9

Crescents are found on light microscopy?

Back 9

rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN)

Front 10

Called pauci immune GN b/c there are no Ig or compliment depositis in the BM; however..there is ANCA in the pts serum?

Back 10

Type III RPGN

Front 11

Main regulator of iron in the body via its effect on the gut epithelial cells absorption of dietary iron and the MACS release of iron?

Back 11

hepcidin

Note: remember...its made in the liver-hepatocytes

Front 12

What blood protein is increased in reponse to the high estrogen states of pregnancy, use of OCs, or w/ hormome replacement therapy?

Back 12

thyroxin binding globulin

note: leads to an increase in total T4 and T3 but the level of free hormone remains normal

Front 13

Describe PTH mediated bone resorption ?

Back 13

osteoblasts have PTH receptors

osteoblasts secrete RANKL and M-csf which cause the precursor osteoclasts to become bone resorbing cells

Front 14

This hormone increases serum calcium and decreases serum phosphate levels?

Back 14

PTH


note: P is lost in the urine

Front 15

cystic medial degeneration of arteries predispose pts to these complications?

Back 15

aortic dissections and aortic aneurysms

Front 16

MC B9 liver tumor that microscopically consists of cavernous blood filled vascular spaces?

Back 16

cavernous hemangioma

Front 17

Abdominal pain+Nausea+confusion w/ color change in urine upon standing?

Back 17

acute intermittent porphyria

Front 18

What is the rx for acute intermittent porphyria which suppresses ALA synthase activity alleviating ABD pain and neuropsychiatric Sxs?

Back 18

glucose loading

Front 19

Can present w/ recurrent pulmonary infections and exocrine gland fibrotic atrophy of the pancreas?

Back 19

cystic fibrosis

Front 20

Vitamin essential for normal differentiation of epithelial cells-prevents squamous metaplasia?

Back 20

vitamin A

Front 21

DOC that binds depolarized cells-ischemic myocardium?

Back 21

lidocaine

note: amiodarone is now the DOC

Front 22

Most effective agent for rxing TCA associated QRS and QT prolongation abnormalities?

Back 22

sodium bicarbonate

Front 23

What is the rx for gonoccal urethritis?

Back 23

azithromycin--> C. trachomatis

ceftriaxone--> N. gonorrhoeae

Front 24

The cell types that express GLUT 4 transporters that are insulin mediated?

Back 24

skeletal muscle

adipocytes

Front 25

Mycobacteria in a twisted "serpetine cord" pattern illustrates its virulence factor which is?

Back 25

cord factor

Front 26

Virulence factor of mycobacteria that inactivates neutrophils, damages mito., and induces release of THF?

Back 26

cord factor

Front 27

A test that is specific for syphilis?

Back 27

FTA-ABS

this is a confirmatory test

Front 28

The MC congenital malformation that is seen in pts w/ imperforate anus?

Back 28

GU tract malformations

Front 29

These tumors stain positive for synaptophysin?

Back 29

CNS tumors of neuronal origin

Front 30

These tumors stain positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein?

Back 30

neoplasms of glial origin

note: astrocytomas, ependymomas, oligodendrogliomas

Front 31

Primary sources of alkaline phosphatase?

Back 31

Liver and bone

Front 32

What enzyme should be checked in the presence of an elevated alkaline phosphatase?

Back 32

GGTP-gamma glutamyl transpeptidase

note: elevated GGT will show that the AP level is of liver origen

Front 33

Type of carcinoma composed of large polyglonal cells w/ abundant clear cytoplasma?

Back 33

Clear cell carcinoma

note: the MC subtype of RCC

Front 34

What is the MC site of CCC or RCC metastasis?

Back 34

lung

Front 35

Causes a thrill on palpation and has a continuous machinary like murmur?

Back 35

PDA

Front 36

What aortic arch derivative gives rise to the pulmonay arteries and the ductus arteriosis?

Back 36

6th aortic arch

Front 37

What aortic arch derivative gives rise to the common carotid and prox. internal carotid arteries?

Back 37

3rd aortic arch

Front 38

What are the gene products of HIV gag, pol, and env genes?

Back 38

gag--> nucleocapsid protein P24

pol-->protease, integrase, and RT

env--> envelope GPs GP120 and GP41

Front 39

Damage to this structure results in a pure sensory stroke?

Back 39

thalamus

Front 40

Condition that results when fluid accumulates in the tunica vaginalis?

Back 40

testicular hydrocele

Front 41

ST elevation in what leads match the following occlusions...
RCA, LAD & LCX

Back 41

RCA--> ST elevations II, III & AvF
LAD--> ST elevation V1-V4
LCX--> ST elevations V5-V6

Front 42

white pupils+PDA +deafness in a newborn

Back 42

Rubella infection

Front 43

What type of vaccine is MMR?

Back 43

live attenuated virus

Front 44

5 alpha reductase inhibitor used for baldness

Back 44

finasteride

Front 45

What vessel in the body contains the least amount of oxygen?

Back 45

coronary sinus

note: heart extracts more oxygen from blood than any other organ; dumps into the RA

Front 46

What are the 2 types of polycythemia-erythrocytosis?

Back 46

relative--> normal RBC mass

absolute--> true increase in RBC mass

note: dehydration results in a relative polycythemia

Front 47

Pt has dark connective tissue+urine that turns black on prolonged exposure to air?

Back 47

alkaptonuria

note: cannot breakdown tyrosine b/c of deficient homogentisic acid oxidase

Front 48

RCC or CCC originates from what area of the kidney?

Back 48

proximal renal tubules

Front 49

Type of rejection mediated by preformed recepient abs against the donor tissue and occurs immediately?

Back 49

hyperacute rejection

Front 50

What is the polyadenylation sequence at the 3' end of an mRNA transcript that is not trancribed from DNA?

Back 50

AAUAAA

Front 51

Stop codons prevent what process?

Back 51

translation

Front 52

Tetanospasm toxin prevents the release of these NTs from the spinal cord?

Back 52

GABA and glycine

Front 53

What are two actions of the NRTI zidovudine?

Back 53

inhibits viral RT

inhibits 5'-3' phosphodiester linkage-stops DNA chain elongation

Front 54

South american protozoa that causes achalasia, megacolon, megaureter, and dilated cardiomiopathy?

Back 54

trapanosoma cruzi

note: causes Chaga's disease

Front 55

Hormone that mediates the development of external genitalia in the male fetus?

Back 55

DHT

note: a defect in 5 alpha reductase will cause ambigous external genitalia

Front 56

Provides sulfhydral groups to enhance the nontoxic sulfation elimination of acetaminophen?

Back 56

n acetyl csyteine

Front 57

Can be treated by sulfhydryl group supplementation?

Back 57

acetaminphen toxicity

Front 58

MCC of death in marfan's syndrome....remember they have skeletal abnormalities?

Back 58

aortic dissection

Front 59

Reason that pts with chron's disease are prone to developing fistulas?

Back 59

the lesions affect the entire thickness of the bowel

Front 60

May involve any portion of the GI tract from the mouth to the anus?

Back 60

chron's disease

Front 61

What is the affect of high altitude on acid/base changes?

Back 61

low PO2-->hyperventilation-->respiratory alkalosis

HCO3 levels decrease from renal compenation

Front 62

What are the two actions of digitalis?

Back 62

AV node blockade--> increases diastolic filling time for greater contractions

increases intracellular calcium---> increases contraction

Front 63

Associated with panacinar emphysema which affects the LOWER lobes of the lungs?

Back 63

alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency

Front 64

Type of emphysema that affects the UPPER lobes and is strongly associated with smoking?

Back 64

centriacinar emphysema

Front 65

Drug that acts as an estrogen receptor agonist in BONE and an estrogen antagonist in the BREAST and uterus?

Back 65

raloxifene

Note: this provides protection from osteoporosis and estrogen receptor + breast CA

Front 66

Reason infants can get transient hypoglycemia when their mothers are diabetics?

Back 66

they experience insulin hypersecretion

Front 67

tetrahydrobiopterin is a cofactor for the synthesis of what NTs?

Back 67

tyrosine, dopa, serotonin and NO