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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Key characteristic of neoplasia?
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cells are monclonal
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Term used to describe that neoplastic cells are derived from a single mother cell?
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monoclonal
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Normal polyclonal ratio of kappa to lambda light chains in B cells?
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3:1
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How can you determine the clonality of cells?
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look at the G6PDH and androgen receptor isoforms
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Pts exposed to asbestos are more likey to develop this type of CA instead of mesothelioma?
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lung CA
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Oncogenic virus that causes kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS pts?
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HHV-8
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What characterizes familial retinoblastoma?
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(1) bilateral retinoblastoma
(2) increase risk of osteosarcoma |
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What is overexpressed in follicular lymphoma via a t(14:18) that prevents apoptosis?
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BcL2
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What type of cell recognizes foreign intracelluar protein displayed on MHC class I molecules?
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CD8+ T cells
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How to metastatic cancer cells make their way through the basemant membrane?
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use collagenase
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What type of CA likes to spread via the lymphatics?
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carcinomas
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Type of CA that likes to spread via the blood vessels?
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sarcomas...malignancies of mesenchyme
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What are the carcinomas that liike to spread via the blood vessels?
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(1)RCC
(2)HCC (3)Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid (4)choriocarcinoma |
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Name the intermediate filaments used to identify epithelium, mesenchyme, muscle, neuroglia, and neurons?
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(1) epithelium-->keratin
(2)mesenchyme-->vimentin (3)muscle-->desmin (4)neuroglia-->GFAP (5)neurons-->neurofilaments |
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Expressed by neuroendocrine cells?
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chromogranin
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Size and spread of CA?
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staging
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degree of differentiation of CA
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grading
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Most important prognostic factor in the TNM staging system of CA?
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metastasis
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MC cause of death in infants with potter syndrome
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respiratory failure due to lung immaturity
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Type of Bias that occurs w/ 2 closely associated factors...the effect of 1 factor distorts the or confuses the effect of the other
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confounding bias
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These pts will have normal-increased serum potassium levels but LOW intracellular potassium?
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pts with DKA
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Crucial step in the rx of pts with DKA?
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replace potassium
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Classic sxs of opoid withdrawal?
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abd pain, n/V, diarrhea, and dilated pupils
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Associated with fat cell destruction and calcium deposition?
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acute pancreatitis
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Forms the BBB?
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tight junctions, BM, and astrocyte foot processes
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Extended use of appetite suppressants like phentermine can cause what condition?
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increase in pulmonary HTN which causes RV hypertrophy
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How do pts with pulm HTN present?
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exertional dyspnea and dizziness
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What are the sxs of SIADH?
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(1)execessive water retention
(2)hyponatremia (3) urine osmolarity>> serum osmolarity |
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What is the amt of TBW in SIADH?
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normal---> decreases in aldosterone secretion
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What does the Hib vaccine contain?
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type b capsular polysaccharide conjugated to dptheria toxoid
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How can a nontypable H. influenzae org still cause otitis media in an immunized child?
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the nontypable forms do not have capsules
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What are the pressures in the different chambers of the heart?
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(1) RA<5
(2) RV 25/5 (3) PA 25/10 (4) LA <12 (5) LV 130/10 |
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Anterior mediastinal mass seen with myathenia gravis?
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thymoma
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Can understand language but cannot get words out?
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brocha's aphasia
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Lesion here would produce meningless speech?
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wernivke's area-caudal superior temporal gyrus
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Prolong compression of the common peroneal nerve (fibular nerve) causes...?
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foot drop
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Thiazide diuretics cause serum elevations of what substances?
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glucose, cholesterol, urea, and calcium
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MC cardiac abnormality predisposing pts to valve bacterial endocarditis?
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mitral valve prolapse
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Intracytoplasmic granules (birbeck granules) shaped like tennis rackets?
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langerhans cell histiocytosis
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HSV1 causes gingivostomatitis in a 1-3yo that presents with what sxs?
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ulcerative lesions in the mouth with intracytoplasmic inclusions
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All of these viruses are enveloped and have double stranded DNA?
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herpes viruses
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The MCCs of esophagitis in HIV pts?
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(1) candida albicans
(2) CMV (3) HSV 1 |
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Display a parabolic oxygen dissociation curve like myoglobin?
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single units of Hb
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Fever + neck stiffness + HA
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meningitis
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What does bacterial meningits show on CFS analysis?
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(1) increase in neutrophils
(2) decrease in glucose |
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What does viral meningitis show on CSF analysis?
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(1) increase in lymphocytes
(2) increase in glucose |
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Isoniazid can cause peripherall neuropathy by depleting this vitamin?
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pyridoxine-B6
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What enzyme converts heme to biliverdin which causes bruises to turn green?
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heme oxidase
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Inability to sit still with inner restlessness while taking anti-psychotics
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akathesia
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GERD may present with what sxs?
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nocturnal cough
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How do you calculate relative risk?
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RR=(a/a+b)/(c/c+d)
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How do you calculate an odds ratio?
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OR=ad/bc
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